Cardiovascular & Respiratory Test B
Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 7 Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Test
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The ______________ help form blood clots when you have injured a blood vessel.
- A.
Platelets
- B.
Plasma
- C.
Red blood cells
- D.
White blood cells
Correct Answer
A. PlateletsExplanation
Platelets are small cell fragments in the blood that play a crucial role in blood clotting. When a blood vessel is injured, platelets rush to the site and form a plug, preventing further bleeding. They also release chemicals that attract more platelets and help in the formation of a stable blood clot. This process is essential for stopping excessive bleeding and initiating the healing process. Plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells do not have the same clotting function as platelets, making them incorrect choices for this question.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What would most likely happen if your body was unable to produce red blood cells?
- A.
Injuries might not heal properly
- B.
You would have a vitamin deficiency
- C.
You would have uncontrolled bleeding
- D.
You would have low energy due to a lack of oxygen
Correct Answer
D. You would have low energy due to a lack of oxygenExplanation
If your body is unable to produce red blood cells, you would have low energy due to a lack of oxygen. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues. Without enough red blood cells, there would be a decrease in the amount of oxygen being transported, leading to fatigue and a lack of energy.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which type of blood vessel, shown here in red, carries blood AWAY from the heart?
- A.
Artery
- B.
Vein
- C.
Capillary
Correct Answer
A. ArteryExplanation
Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They have thick, elastic walls that help to withstand the high pressure generated by the heart's pumping action. Arteries transport oxygenated blood (except for the pulmonary artery) to various parts of the body, delivering nutrients and oxygen to the tissues. In contrast, veins carry blood back to the heart and have thinner walls. Capillaries, on the other hand, are the smallest blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissues.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which statement is NOT true about veins?
- A.
Veins are a type of blood vessel.
- B.
Veins carry blood that has low levels of oxygen.
- C.
Veins take blood away from the heart.
- D.
Veins take blood back to the heart.
Correct Answer
C. Veins take blood away from the heart.Explanation
The statement "Veins take blood away from the heart" is not true about veins. Veins actually take blood back to the heart. Veins are a type of blood vessel that carry blood with low levels of oxygen, and their main function is to return deoxygenated blood from the body tissues back to the heart for oxygenation.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which is the small network of blood vessels, shown in the middle?
- A.
Veins
- B.
Capillaries
- C.
Arteries
Correct Answer
B. CapillariesExplanation
Capillaries are the small network of blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Capillaries have thin walls, allowing for efficient diffusion of substances. They are found throughout the body, including in organs, muscles, and tissues, and play a crucial role in maintaining proper blood circulation and delivering necessary resources to cells.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What process is shown in this image:
- A.
Phagocytosis
- B.
Antibodies attacking bacteria
- C.
Blood transfusion
- D.
Blood clotting
Correct Answer
A. PhagocytosisExplanation
The process shown in the image is phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf and ingest foreign particles, such as bacteria or cellular debris, in order to eliminate them from the body. In the image, it is likely depicting a phagocyte, such as a macrophage or neutrophil, engulfing a bacterium. This process is an important part of the immune response and helps to protect the body from infections.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What will happen to a virus that enters a person's body, if the person has a healthy immune system?
- A.
The lymphocytes will send antibodies to attack the virus
- B.
The lymphocytes will build more viruses
- C.
The virus will send antibodies to destroy the lymphocytes
Correct Answer
A. The lymphocytes will send antibodies to attack the virusExplanation
When a virus enters a person's body, the immune system, specifically the lymphocytes, will recognize the virus as a foreign invader. The lymphocytes will then produce antibodies that are specifically designed to target and neutralize the virus. These antibodies will bind to the virus, marking it for destruction by other immune cells. This immune response is a crucial defense mechanism that helps the body eliminate the virus and prevent further infection.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following could be considered a pathogen?
- A.
Dust
- B.
Pollen
- C.
Bacteria
- D.
Dirt
Correct Answer
C. BacteriaExplanation
Bacteria could be considered a pathogen because they are microorganisms that can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants. They have the ability to invade and multiply within the host's body, causing harm and disrupting normal bodily functions. Unlike dust, pollen, or dirt, bacteria have the potential to cause infections and illnesses, making them a potential threat to living organisms.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Lymphocytes can work by engulfing foreign particles through phagocytosis OR by sending antibodies to attack them.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response. They can work by engulfing foreign particles through a process called phagocytosis, where they surround and digest the particles. Additionally, lymphocytes can also produce and release antibodies, which are proteins that specifically target and attack foreign substances, such as bacteria or viruses. Therefore, the statement that lymphocytes can work by engulfing foreign particles through phagocytosis or by sending antibodies to attack them is true.Rate this question:
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- 10.
If a person has Type B blood, that person has _____________ on their red blood cells.
- A.
A antigens
- B.
B antigens
- C.
A and B antigens
- D.
No antigens
Correct Answer
B. B antigensExplanation
If a person has Type B blood, that means they have B antigens on their red blood cells. This is because blood type is determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells. In the case of Type B blood, the B antigen is present, while the A antigen is absent.Rate this question:
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- 11.
If you are Type O, you can donate to which of the following blood types?
- A.
A, B, AB and O
- B.
O only
- C.
B only
- D.
You should not donate blood
Correct Answer
A. A, B, AB and OExplanation
If you have blood type O, you can donate to blood types A, B, AB, and O. This is because blood type O is considered the universal donor, meaning it can be given to individuals with any blood type.Rate this question:
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- 12.
These are the results of a person's blood test. What blood type are they?
- A.
AB-
- B.
AB+
- C.
O+
- D.
B-
Correct Answer
A. AB-Explanation
The person's blood type can be determined by looking at the results of their blood test, which in this case is AB-. The blood type AB- indicates that the person has both A and B antigens on their red blood cells, and their blood does not have the Rh factor.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Kristina has type AB- blood. She was in a major car accident and needs a blood transfusion! Which blood types can she receive? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!!
- A.
A-
- B.
B+
- C.
AB+
- D.
AB-
Correct Answer(s)
A. A-
D. AB-Explanation
Kristina has type AB- blood, which means she has both A and B antigens on her red blood cells and does not have the Rh factor. Since she has both A and B antigens, she can receive blood from individuals with blood types A-, AB-, and O-. Additionally, since she does not have the Rh factor, she can also receive blood from individuals who are Rh-negative. Therefore, the correct answers are A- and AB-.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Jailah has type B+ blood. Can she donate to Carl, who has AB+ blood?
- A.
Yes, because Carl already has B antigens and Rh antigens.
- B.
Yes, because neither of them have Rh antigens.
- C.
No, because Jailah doesn't have A antigens.
- D.
No, because they don't have the same exact blood type.
Correct Answer
A. Yes, because Carl already has B antigens and Rh antigens.Explanation
Jailah can donate to Carl because she has type B+ blood, which means she has B antigens and Rh antigens. Carl, who has AB+ blood, already has B antigens and Rh antigens, so Jailah's blood is compatible with his. The presence of B antigens and Rh antigens in both individuals allows for a successful blood donation.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A patient who has hypertension will most likely suffer from:
- A.
A heart attack
- B.
Dizziness
- C.
Fainting
- D.
Nausea
Correct Answer
A. A heart attackExplanation
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition in which the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. Over time, this can lead to damage and narrowing of the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and heart attacks. Therefore, it is likely that a patient with hypertension may suffer from a heart attack. Dizziness, fainting, and nausea are not directly associated with hypertension, although they may be symptoms of other underlying health issues.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The patient below has hypertension. Which of the following is a reasonable guess for what his blood pressure might be?
- A.
80/40 mmHg
- B.
120/80 mmHg
- C.
150/100 mmHg
- D.
200/150 mmHg
Correct Answer
C. 150/100 mmHgExplanation
A blood pressure reading of 150/100 mmHg is a reasonable guess for a patient with hypertension. Hypertension is defined as having consistently high blood pressure readings, typically above 130/80 mmHg. A reading of 150/100 mmHg falls within this range and indicates that the patient's blood pressure is elevated.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is NOT a possible consequence of high blood pressure?
- A.
Increased risk of stroke
- B.
Increased risk of heart attack
- C.
Increased risk of brain bleeds
- D.
Decreased appetite
Correct Answer
D. Decreased appetiteExplanation
High blood pressure can lead to various health complications, including an increased risk of stroke, heart attack, and brain bleeds. However, decreased appetite is not directly associated with high blood pressure. While some individuals with high blood pressure may experience a loss of appetite as a result of other factors such as medication side effects or stress, it is not a direct consequence of high blood pressure itself.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Your patient Kelly has a blood pressure reading of 115/80 mmHg. You tell her:
- A.
Your blood pressure is just fine!
- B.
Careful - your blood pressure is dangerously low.
- C.
Watch your cholesterol intake; your blood pressure is higher than normal.
Correct Answer
A. Your blood pressure is just fine!Explanation
The blood pressure reading of 115/80 mmHg falls within the normal range. A normal blood pressure reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg. Therefore, there is no cause for concern and the patient's blood pressure is considered to be fine.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What would be the best medical advice for this man, who has hypertension?
- A.
Don't consume so much sugar.
- B.
Try to reduce the cholesterol in your diet.
- C.
Get more sleep each night.
- D.
Maintain your current diet, but get more rest.
Correct Answer
B. Try to reduce the cholesterol in your diet.Explanation
Reducing cholesterol in the diet is the best medical advice for a person with hypertension. Hypertension is often associated with high cholesterol levels, and reducing cholesterol intake can help lower blood pressure. Consuming less cholesterol can be achieved by avoiding foods high in saturated and trans fats, such as fatty meats, full-fat dairy products, and processed snacks. Instead, focusing on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help lower cholesterol levels and manage hypertension.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Blood coming back to the heart through the pulmonary veins is oxygen-rich.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The pulmonary veins are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. Oxygen-rich blood is necessary for the heart to pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Therefore, it is correct to say that blood coming back to the heart through the pulmonary veins is oxygen-rich.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which blood vessel is shown here?
- A.
Aorta
- B.
Inferior vena cava
- C.
Pulmonary artery
- D.
Superior vena cava
Correct Answer
A. AortaExplanation
The blood vessel shown in the image is the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and branches out into smaller arteries throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What blood vessels are shown here?
- A.
Pulmonary veins
- B.
Pulmonary arteries
- C.
Aorta
- D.
Descending aorta
Correct Answer
B. Pulmonary arteriesExplanation
The blood vessels shown in the image are the pulmonary arteries. These arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs, where it gets oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is then returned to the left side of the heart through the pulmonary veins. The aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body. The descending aorta is a section of the aorta that runs down the back of the chest and abdomen.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What chamber of the heart is shown here?
- A.
Left ventricle
- B.
Right ventricle
- C.
Left atrium
- D.
Right atrium
Correct Answer
C. Left atriumExplanation
The correct answer is left atrium. The image provided likely shows a section of the heart, and based on the labeling options given, the chamber that matches the structure shown is the left atrium. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle, which then pumps the blood out to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What blood vessel is shown here?
- A.
Aorta
- B.
Superior vena cava
- C.
Pulmonary artery
- D.
Pulmonary vein
Correct Answer
B. Superior vena cavaExplanation
The blood vessel shown in the image is the superior vena cava. It is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart. It is located above the heart and is responsible for returning blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs back to the heart.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The organ that is shown below is responsible for:
- A.
Bringing air into the body
- B.
Taking air to the lungs
- C.
Exchanging oxygen and CO2 with capillaries
- D.
Pushing CO2 out of the lungs
Correct Answer
C. Exchanging oxygen and CO2 with capillariesExplanation
The organ shown in the image is the lungs. The lungs are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the capillaries. Oxygen is taken in from the air and transferred to the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, is removed from the bloodstream and expelled from the body through exhalation.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following describes the alveoli?
- A.
Small sacs that help exchange gases with capillaries
- B.
Tube surrounded by cartilage and lined with mucus
- C.
The throat where the nasal passage and mouth meet
- D.
Thin layer of muscle that pushes up on the lungs to help them inflate and deflate
Correct Answer
A. Small sacs that help exchange gases with capillariesExplanation
The alveoli are small sacs that help exchange gases with capillaries. These tiny structures are found in the lungs and are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the respiratory system and the bloodstream. The alveoli have thin walls and a large surface area, allowing for efficient gas exchange. Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, moves from the capillaries into the alveoli to be exhaled.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which part of the respiratory system is directly involved in the pulmonary circuit from the heart?
- A.
Alveoli
- B.
Diaphragm
- C.
Pharynx
- D.
Trachea
Correct Answer
A. AlveoliExplanation
The alveoli are directly involved in the pulmonary circuit from the heart. The pulmonary circuit is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it is oxygenated, and then returning the oxygenated blood back to the heart. The alveoli are tiny air sacs located in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream through the walls of the alveoli, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, diffuses out of the bloodstream into the alveoli to be exhaled. Therefore, the alveoli play a crucial role in the pulmonary circuit by facilitating the exchange of gases between the lungs and the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following is NOT true about the lungs?
- A.
The lungs inflate when the diaphragm relaxes.
- B.
The lungs contain the trachea.
- C.
The lungs contain the alveoli.
- D.
The lungs are full of blood vessels.
Correct Answer
B. The lungs contain the trachea.Explanation
The lungs do not contain the trachea. The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a separate structure that connects the larynx to the bronchi, which then lead to the lungs. The lungs are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body and they do contain the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs where this gas exchange occurs. Additionally, the lungs are full of blood vessels, as they receive oxygenated blood from the heart and release deoxygenated blood back to the heart.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The arrow below is pointing to the:
- A.
Trachea
- B.
Pharynx
- C.
Diaphgram
- D.
Bronchi
Correct Answer
B. PharynxExplanation
The arrow is pointing to the pharynx, which is the passageway for both food and air. It is located at the back of the throat and connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus and larynx. The trachea is the tube that carries air to and from the lungs, the diaphragm is a muscle that aids in breathing, and the bronchi are the main branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 30.
A patient is suffering from difficulty breathing every time she walks up the stairs. This patient is likely:
- A.
Having a heart attack
- B.
Suffering from asthma
- C.
Having a stroke
- D.
Suffering from low blood pressure
Correct Answer
B. Suffering from asthmaExplanation
Based on the given information, the patient is experiencing difficulty breathing specifically when walking up the stairs. This symptom is commonly associated with asthma, a chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing. Asthma symptoms can be triggered by physical exertion, such as climbing stairs, causing shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. Therefore, the patient is likely suffering from asthma.Rate this question:
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- 31.
A 70-year old patient calls 911 because she is worried about strange symptoms she has been having for the last 20 minutes. She cannot feel the right side of her body, and her vision is blurry. You tell her....
- A.
Hurry up and get to the hospital; you are having a stroke!
- B.
Take your time and be careful, but come to the hospital; you are having a stroke!
- C.
Hurry up and get to the hospital; you are having a heart attack!
- D.
Get your inhaler and take some deep breaths; you are having an asthma attack!
Correct Answer
A. Hurry up and get to the hospital; you are having a stroke!Explanation
The correct answer is "hurry up and get to the hospital; you are having a stroke!" because the patient is experiencing symptoms such as the inability to feel the right side of her body and blurry vision, which are indicative of a stroke. A stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment, as it can cause serious damage to the brain if not addressed promptly.Rate this question:
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- 32.
An angioplasty....
- A.
Treats asthma by relaxing the diaphragm
- B.
Treats heart attacks by inflating a balloon that opens up the blocked artery
- C.
Treats strokes by relieving swelling due to bleeding in the brain
- D.
Helps patients prevent against future asthma attacks
Correct Answer
B. Treats heart attacks by inflating a balloon that opens up the blocked arteryExplanation
Angioplasty is a medical procedure used to treat heart attacks by inflating a balloon that opens up the blocked artery. During a heart attack, a blockage in the artery restricts blood flow to the heart muscle, causing damage. Angioplasty involves inserting a catheter with a deflated balloon into the blocked artery and then inflating the balloon to widen the artery and restore blood flow. This helps to relieve the symptoms of a heart attack and prevent further damage to the heart muscle.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following is NOT an acceptable treatment for a heart attack?
- A.
Aspirin
- B.
Angioplasty
- C.
Bypass surgery
- D.
Anti-inflammatory medicines
Correct Answer
D. Anti-inflammatory medicinesExplanation
Anti-inflammatory medicines are not an acceptable treatment for a heart attack because they do not address the underlying cause of the condition, which is a blockage in the coronary arteries. Aspirin, angioplasty, and bypass surgery are all accepted treatments for a heart attack as they help to restore blood flow to the heart and prevent further damage. Anti-inflammatory medicines may be used to manage symptoms or reduce inflammation in other conditions, but they are not effective in treating a heart attack.Rate this question:
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- 34.
A heart attack usually occurs because:
- A.
The alveoli are inflamed
- B.
The coronary artery is blocked by a blood clot
- C.
An artery in the brain bursts
- D.
The vena cava collapses
Correct Answer
B. The coronary artery is blocked by a blood clotExplanation
A heart attack occurs when the coronary artery, which supplies blood to the heart muscle, becomes blocked by a blood clot. This blockage prevents oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart, leading to damage or death of the heart muscle. Inflammation of the alveoli, bursting of an artery in the brain, or collapse of the vena cava are not directly related to the occurrence of a heart attack.Rate this question:
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