Abdomen Muscles Quiz
The abdomen constitutes the part of the body between the thorax and pelvis, in humans. Most people don’t know much about abdominal muscles except how to make abs. As a medical practitioner you are expected to know these muscles and how to treat any anomaly in them. Take the quiz below aimed at helping you in the exam.
- 1.A 63-year-old man comes to an emergency department with back pain, weakness, and shortness of breath. On examination, he has an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm. Which of the following pairs of structures would most likely be compressed?
- A.
Vagus nerve and azygos vein
- B.
Esophagus and vagus nerve
- C.
Azygos vein and thoracic duct
- D.
Thoracic duct and vagus nerve
- E.
Inferior vena cava and phrenic nerve
- 2.A 36-year-old woman with yellow pigmentation of the skin and sclerae presents at the outpatient clinic. Which of the following conditions most likely is the cause of her obstructive jaundice?
- A.
Aneurysm of the splenic artery
- B.
Perforated ulcer of the stomach
- C.
Obstruction of the main pancreatic duct
- D.
Cancer in the head of the pancreas
- E.
Cancer in the body of the pancreas
- 3.A 2-year-old boy presents with pain in his groin that has been increasing in nature over the past few weeks. He is found to have a degenerative malformation of the transversalis fascia during development. Which of the following structures on the anterior abdominal wall is likely defective?
- A.
Superficial inguinal ring
- B.
Deep inguinal ring
- C.
Inguinal ligament
- D.
Sac of a direct inguinal hernia
- E.
Anterior wall of the inguinal canal
- 4.
- A.
Lateral horn of the spinal cord
- B.
Anterior horn of the spinal cord
- C.
Dorsal root ganglion
- D.
Sympathetic chain ganglion
- E.
Celiac ganglion
- 5.
- A.
Cecum
- B.
Ascending colon
- C.
Transverse colon
- D.
Descending colon
- E.
Sigmoid colon
- 6.A 35-year-old woman comes to a local hospital with abdominal tenderness and acute pain. On examination, her physician observes that an abdominal infection has spread retroperitoneally. Which of the following structures is most likely affected?
- A.
Stomach
- B.
Transverse colon
- C.
Jejunum
- D.
Descending colon
- E.
Spleen
- 7.During an annual health examination of a 46-year-old woman, a physician finds hypersecretion of norepinephrine from her suprarenal medulla. Which of the following types of nerve fibers are most likely overstimulated?
- A.
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers
- B.
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
- C.
Somatic motor fibers
- D.
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers
- E.
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
- 8.
- A.
Sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies
- B.
Sympathetic postganglionic neuron cell bodies
- C.
Parasympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies
- D.
Parasympathetic postganglionic neuron cell bodies
- E.
Sensory neuron cell bodies
- 9.A pediatric surgeon is resecting a possible malignant mass from the liver of a neonate with cerebral palsy. The surgeon divides the round ligament of the liver during surgery. A fibrous remnant of which of the following fetal vessels is severed?
- A.
Ductus venosus
- B.
Ductus arteriosus
- C.
Left umbilical vein
- D.
Right umbilical vein
- E.
Umbilical artery
- 10.A 27-year-old woman has suffered a gunshot wound to her midabdomen. After examining the patient's angiogram, a trauma surgeon locates the source of bleeding from pairs of veins that typically terminate in the same vein. Which of the following veins are damaged?
- A.
Left and right ovarian veins
- B.
Left and right gastroepiploic veins
- C.
Left and right colic veins
- D.
Left and right suprarenal veins
- E.
Left and right hepatic veins
- 11.A 43-year-old man complains of abdominal pain just above his umbilicus. On examination, a tumor is found anterior to the inferior vena cava. Which of the following structures would most likely be compressed by this tumor?
- A.
Right sympathetic trunk
- B.
Left third lumbar artery
- C.
Third part of the duodenum
- D.
Left renal artery
- E.
Cisterna chili
- 12.
- A.
Vagus nerves
- B.
Greater splanchnic nerves
- C.
Lower intercostal nerves
- D.
White rami communicantes
- E.
Gray rami communicantes
- 13.A young boy is brought to the hospital after a bicycle accident and possible pelvic fracture. While awaiting a computed tomography (CT) scan of his pelvis, a physician proceeds with afocal neurologic examination. In testing the child's reflexes, which of the following nerves would carry afferent impulses of the cremasteric reflex?
- A.
Subcostal nerve
- B.
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
- C.
Genitofemoral nerve
- D.
Iliohypogastric nerve
- E.
Femoral nerve
- 14.A 21-year-old man receives a penetrating knife wound in the abdomen and is injured in both the superior mesenteric artery and the vagus nerve. Which portion of the colon would most likely be impaired by this injury?
- A.
Ascending and descending colons
- B.
Transverse and sigmoid colons
- C.
Descending and sigmoid colons
- D.
Ascending and transverse colons
- E.
Transverse and descending colons
- 15.A 42y/o man with portal hypertension secondary to cirrhosis of the liver and subsequent massive ascites presents to the emergency department. He refuses to have a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure and prefers surgery. Which of the following surgical connections are involved in the most practical method of shunting portal blood around the liver?
- A.
Superior mesenteric vein to the inferior mesenteric vein
- B.
Portal vein to the superior vena cava
- C.
Portal vein to the left renal vein
- D.
Splenic vein to the left renal vein
- E.
Superior rectal vein to the left colic vein
- 16.A 78-year-old man is suffering from ischemia of the suprarenal glands. Rapid occlusion of direct branches of which of the following arteries results in this condition?
- A.
Aorta, splenic and inferior phrenic arteries
- B.
Renal, splenic, and inferior mesenteric arteries
- C.
Aorta, inferior phrenic and renal arteries
- D.
Superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and renal arteries
- E.
Aorta, hepatic and renal arteries
- 17.A radiograph of a 32-year-old woman reveals a perforation in the posterior wall of the stomach in which the gastric contents have spilled into the lesser sac. The general surgeon has opened the lienogastric (gastrosplenic) ligament to reach the lesser sac and notes erosion of the ulcer into an artery. Which of the followingvessels is most likely involved?
- A.
Splenic artery
- B.
Gastroduodenal artery
- C.
Left gastric artery
- D.
Right gastric artery
- E.
Left gastroepiploic artery
- 18.A 35-year-old woman with a history of cholecystectomy arrives in the emergency room with intractable hiccups most likely caused by an abdominal abscess secondary to surgical infection. Which of the following nerves carries pain sensation caused by irritation of the peritoneum on the central portion of the inferior surface of the diaphragm?
- A.
Vagus nerve
- B.
Lower intercostal nerve
- C.
Phrenic nerve
- D.
Greater splanchnic nerve
- E.
Subcostal nerve
- 19.A 16-year-old boy with ruptured spleen comes to the emergency department for splenectomy. Soon after ligation of the splenic artery just distal to its origin, a surgical resident observes that the patient is healing normally. Normal blood flow would occur in which of the following arteries?
- A.
Short gastric arteries
- B.
Dorsal pancreatic artery
- C.
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- D.
Left gastroepiploic artery
- E.
Artery in the lienorenal ligament
- 20.A 9-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department complaining of nausea, vomiting, fever, and loss of appetite. On examination, he was found to have tenderness and pain on the right lower quadrant. Based on signs and symptoms, the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made. During an appendectomy performed at McBurney's point, which of the following structures is most likely to be injured?
- A.
Deep circumflex femoral artery
- B.
Inferior epigastric artery
- C.
Iliohypogastric nerve
- D.
Genitofemoral nerve
- E.
Spermatic cord
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