Biology 1401 Chapter 11 Sexual Reproduction And Meiosis
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- 1.The fusion of male gamete cells with female gamete cells is called
- A.
Fertilization.
- B.
Meiosis.
- C.
Mitosis.
- D.
Recombination.
- E.
Synapsis.
- 2.Diploid organisms use meiosis for the development of gametes. Meiosis consists of how many rounds of nuclear division?
- A.
One
- B.
Two
- C.
Three
- D.
Four
- E.
None of these
- 3.The pairing of chromosomes along their lengths which is essential for crossing over is referred to as
- A.
Syngamy.
- B.
Synapsis.
- C.
Prophase.
- D.
Recombination.
- E.
Centromere.
- 4.The cell produced by the fusion of an egg and a sperm is the
- A.
Gamete.
- B.
Haploid.
- C.
Zygote.
- D.
Germ line cell.
- E.
Somatic cell.
- 5.The zygote has
- A.
One copy of each chromosome.
- B.
One full haploid complement of chromosomes.
- C.
Chromosomes identical to those of a sperm cell.
- D.
Chromosomes identical to those of an egg cell.
- E.
Two copies of each chromosome.
- 6.The reduction division that separates two haploid complements from each other is called
- A.
Mitosis.
- B.
Meiosis.
- C.
Syngamy.
- D.
Haploid division.
- E.
Binary fission.
- 7.All of the following animal cells are diploid except
- A.
Gametic.
- B.
Muscles.
- C.
Nerves.
- D.
Skin.
- E.
Reproductive organ.
- 8.The point of connection between the two sister chromatids before anaphase of mitosis separates them is called the
- A.
Homologue.
- B.
Kinetochore.
- C.
Centromere.
- D.
Microtubule complex.
- E.
Synapsis.
- 9.Which of the following produces identical cells?
- A.
Meiosis
- B.
Mitosis
- C.
Gamete formation
- D.
Syngamy
- E.
Fertilization
- 10.In animals, the cells that will eventually undergo meiosis to produce gametes are set aside early in the development. These are
- A.
Haploid cells.
- B.
Germline cells.
- C.
Sex cells.
- D.
Zygotes.
- E.
Sperm and egg cells.
- 11.In one of the first steps in meiosis, the
- A.
Clearly defined spindle apparatus appears in the center of the cell.
- B.
Chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
- C.
Half chromosomes are made inactive.
- D.
Homologous pairs of chromosomes pair up along their length.
- E.
Chromosomes become invisible.
- 12.Chromosomes exchange genetic information by
- A.
Fertilization.
- B.
Mitosis.
- C.
Syngamy.
- D.
DNA replication.
- E.
Crossing over.
- 13.Between the two divisions of meiosis there is
- A.
A full cell cycle.
- B.
A pairing of homologues.
- C.
Replication of some parts of the chromosomes.
- D.
No S phase.
- E.
Random combination among chromatids.
- 14.Crossing over of chromosomes takes place in
- A.
Prophase II.
- B.
Prophase I.
- C.
Interphase II.
- D.
Interphase I.
- E.
Metaphase II.
- 15.The synaptonemal complex develops early in meiosis. It is
- A.
A cluster of chromatids at the end of the cell.
- B.
A framework of microtubules that organize chromatids.
- C.
A lattice of proteins that holds homologues together.
- D.
A set of two homologues lined side by side.
- E.
The wound up regions of DNA molecules.
- 16.At the end of telophase II of meiosis, each of the four resulting cells contains
- A.
One full set of chromosomes, each with two chromatids.
- B.
Two full sets of chromosomes, each with two chromatids.
- C.
One full set of chromosomes, each a single chromatid.
- D.
Two full sets of chromosomes, each a single chromatid.
- E.
A different number of chromosomes.
- 17.The four haploid cells resulting from meiosis may further divide by mitosis in all of the following organisms except?
- A.
Plants
- B.
Fungi
- C.
Many protists
- D.
Animals
- 18.Sexual reproduction increases genetic variability through all of the following except
- A.
Crossing over in prophase I of meiosis.
- B.
Independent assortment in meiosis.
- C.
Fertilization.
- D.
Mitosis.
- 19.One of the most likely explanations for the evolutionary origin of sexual reproduction is that
- A.
Organisms could then move onto land.
- B.
DNA replication errors could be corrected by recombination.
- C.
More and larger offspring could be produced.
- D.
Haploid cells require less energy and raw materials.
- 20.Which of the following is an explanation for independent assortment, a factor in producing genetic variability?
- A.
In anaphase I, where how one pair separates does not affect how any other pair separates.
- B.
Chromosomes are divided into daughter cells in a random fashion.
- C.
In prophase I, which chromosomes pairs with which other one is completely random.
- D.
Each chromosome is capable of a different function.
- E.
Chromosomes can have different functions in various types of cells of the same organism.
- 21.Meiosis and mitosis are both processes that involve nuclear division. What is the difference between the two?
- A.
Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to haploid gametes. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to diploid somatic cells.
- B.
Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to diploid somatic cells. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to haploid gametes.
- C.
Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to diploid gametes. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to haploid somatic cells.
- D.
Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to syngamy. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to zygotes.
- 22.After fertilization, the resulting zygote develops by which of the following processes?
- A.
Mitosis
- B.
Meiosis
- C.
Syngamy
- D.
Synapsis
- E.
Reduction division
- 23.The homologous chromosomes (homologues) pair up during meiosis I. Each homologue pairs along its entire length. This process is called
- A.
Syngamy.
- B.
Synapsis.
- C.
Meiosis.
- D.
Mitosis.
- E.
Crossing over.
- 24.Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis I. The two sister chromatids of each homologous pair of chromosomes remain attached by
- A.
A common centromere and the synapsis.
- B.
A common centromere and the chiasmata.
- C.
A common centromere and the recombination synapsis.
- D.
A common centromere and the synaptonemal complex.
- E.
A common centromere and the spindle fibers.
- 25.The majority of the meiosis I is spent in prophase I and metaphase I. After metaphase I is completed, anaphase I and telophase I quickly proceed, thus ending meiosis I. What immediately follows meiosis I?
- A.
DNA synthesis
- B.
Prophase II
- C.
Metaphase II
- D.
Developing of a synapsis
- E.
Crossing over of the homologues
- 26.All of the following are processes that promote new genetic combinations except
- A.
Crossing over.
- B.
Random fertilization.
- C.
Independent assortment.
- D.
Mitosis.
- E.
Natural selection.
- 27.You are studying mitosis in an organism that has 28 chromosomes as its diploid number. How many chromosomes will the cell have after mitosis, but before cytokinesis?
- A.
7
- B.
14
- C.
28
- D.
56
- 28.You are studying meiosis in an organism that has 28 chromosomes as its diploid number. How many chromosomes will each nucleus have after meiosis I, but before cytokinesis?
- A.
14
- B.
28
- C.
56
- D.
Cannot determine from the information provided
- 29.You are studying meiosis in an organism that has 28 chromosomes as its diploid number. How many chromosomes will the cell have after meiosis II, but before cytokinesis?
- A.
14
- B.
28
- C.
56
- D.
Cannot determine from the information provided
- 30.Which of the following statements about crossing over is false?
- A.
Crossing over takes place between sister chromatids.
- B.
Crossing over takes place between sister chromatids.
- C.
Recombination nodules may be observed.
- D.
Sites of crossing over are called chiasmata.
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