Bio1332 Biochemistry - Lecture Sixteen - Glycolysis
1. To understand an overview of metabolic pathways 2. The understand important features of catabolic and anabolic pathways 3. To learn the principles behind glucose metabolism through glycolysis 4. To learn the relationship between energy balance, diet and obesity
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Please complete the following sentence:____________ is the process by which molecules are broken down into smaller units that are either oxidised to release energy, or used in further reactions.
Explanation
Catabolism is the process by which molecules are broken down into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in further reactions. During catabolism, complex molecules such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are broken down into simpler molecules like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. These smaller molecules can then be used as a source of energy by the body or be utilized in other metabolic pathways. Catabolism is essential for providing energy and building blocks for various cellular processes.Rate this question:
- 2.
Please fill answer below:___________ is the process by which molecules are constructed from smaller units, requiring energy.
Explanation
Anabolism is the process by which molecules are constructed from smaller units, requiring energy. During anabolism, complex molecules are built up from simpler ones through various biochemical reactions. This process is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues in organisms. It involves the synthesis of macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, which are necessary for cellular functions and overall organismal development. Anabolism requires energy input in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to drive these synthetic reactions and build larger molecules.Rate this question:
- 3.
Complete the following sentence:Oxidation of fuel molecules results in the transfer of electrons to _____, which acts as the terminal electron acceptor, via carriers.
Explanation
The question is incomplete and does not provide any options or context to determine the correct answer. Therefore, an explanation cannot be provided.Rate this question:
- 4.
Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.True or False?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
FALSE.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, not yet in the mitochondria.Rate this question:
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- 5.
When there is no oxygen available, what substance is pyruvate converted to during glycolysis?
Correct Answer
LactateExplanation
During glycolysis, when there is no oxygen available, pyruvate is converted to lactate. This process is known as anaerobic glycolysis or fermentation. In the absence of oxygen, the conversion of pyruvate to lactate helps to regenerate the supply of NAD+ molecules, which are essential for the continuation of glycolysis. This allows the production of a small amount of ATP to sustain cellular energy production in anaerobic conditions.Rate this question:
- 6.
How many ATPs are produced in glycolysis?
- A.
2
- B.
1
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
A. 2Explanation
During glycolysis, which is the initial step of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. This process produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.Rate this question:
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- 7.
How many molecules of pyruvate are produced during glycolysis?
- A.
2
- B.
1
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
A. 2Explanation
During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.Rate this question:
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- 8.
How many molecules of NADH are produced during glycolysis?
- A.
2
- B.
1
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
A. 2Explanation
During glycolysis, which is the first step in cellular respiration, two molecules of NADH are produced. NADH is formed when NAD+ accepts electrons and a hydrogen ion, becoming reduced. In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, and during this process, NAD+ is reduced to NADH. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.Rate this question:
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