Its not fun
One population has well-defined boundaries whereas the other does not.
One population has a greater number of available resources than the other.
One population has a greater number of available resources than the other
One population has more individuals and occupies a larger area than the other.
This is not possible, as density and abundance measure the same thing.
The increase in biomass from one trophic level to the next.
The rate of energy cycling in an ecosystem
The gain of energy as it flows through each trophic level in an ecosystem
The loss of energy as it flows through each trophic level in an ecosystem
The loss of energy during photosynthesis by producers
Predator satiation
Spatial refuge
Large body size
Crypsis
Chemical defense
Fishing has had no impact on the population age distribution of sardines
Fishing has increased the number of older individuals in the population
Sardine populations in protected areas have a more even age distribution.
Banning fishing of sardines would not achieve anything as there are no recruits that could replace the adults in the fished popula
because sardines don’t breed until 1 year of age, we would not expect to find any juveniles within the fished areas in 2004.
Weedy plants that complete their entire life cycle in one year
Coral reef fish that compete for territories
Grass that is eaten by deer.
Birds with continuous reproduction.
Foxes that are infected by mange mites.
Keystone species have a large effect on a community, but dominant species do not.
The keystone species in a community have greater total biomass than dominant species have
Dominant species have greater total biomass than keystone species.
Dominant species have a large effect on a community, but keystone species do not.
Keystone species do not differ from dominant species.
Drought reduces the rate of primary production by grasses in a prairie.
Fire decreases species richness in a forest.
The reintroduction of wolves decreases herbivory by deer, which increases the population of primary producers
The invasion of the emerald ash borer is followed by the invasion of its parasitoids.
Runoff of fertilizer from a farm into a lake causes the population of lake algae to grow at exponential rates.
There is stable coexistence of both species
Species 1 always wins.
Species 2 always wins.
Species 1 or Species 2 may win.
Both species go extinct
High rates of emigration and low rates of immigration, and the value of Nt
High rates of immigration and low rates of emigration, and the value of Nt
high rates of immigration and low rates of emigration
Stable populations dynamics, and the value of Nt.
High birth rates and low death rates.
When one species benefits and the other species is harmed by the interaction
When the cost is greater than the benefit for both species
When the benefit is greater than the cost of the interaction for both species
When resources are unlimited
When competing species have coexisted over a long period of time
How quickly it is growing.
how long between each successive generation.
How long individuals of this species live.
its logistic rate of increase
Its net reproductive rate
1600 per year
800 per yea
400 per year
320 per year
2 per year
List of all the species in a community.
Alternative way to calculate species evenness.
Diagram of the mutualistic interactions in a community
Summary of the feeding relationships in a community.
Map of energy flow into and out of an ecosystem.
Conduct longitudinal studies of cohorts
Conduct latitudinal studies of cohorts
Construct BIDE parameter space pyramids of individuals
Examine the age structure of populations
Not waste out time testing this as life history traits vary among individuals in a population, not with age.
This is a direct interaction; jellyfish (5) has a negative effect on algae (1).
This is an indirect interaction; jellyfish (5) has a negative effect on algae (1).
This is a direct interaction; jellyfish (5) has a positive effect on algae (1).
This is an indirect interaction; jellyfish (5) has a positive effect on algae (1).
It is not possible for jellyfish (5) to have any effect on algae (1).
The rank abundance curve will get longer
The rank abundance curve will get shorter.
The Shannon-Wiener index will increase
The Shannon-Wiener index will decrease
The species richness will increase.
By determining whether the values of R0 and r are the same for this population
By calculating λ
By multiplying the number of animals in the population this year by the population’s generation time (T).
By multiplying the number of animals in the population this year by the population's R0 value.
) The lxmx values would give you the population size for each year.
When the population is at its carrying capacity
When resources are abundant
When intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition
When there is no conflict between its mutualists.
Unlimited growth is not possible in a natural population.
Predators keep prey populations below their carrying capacity
Predators prevent competitive exclusion between prey populations
Predators increase the number of species that can coexist in a community
Removing a top predator is predicted to decrease community species richness.
The effect of predators on the community depends upon species evenness in the community
Reproduction mutualism
Mycorrhizae mutualism
Nitrogen fixing mutualism
Protective mutualism
Digestive mutualism.
two species can act in cooperation to exclude a third species
Competition can be so intense that both species eventually die
Two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely
Two species with identical niches can hybridize and form a new species
Two species with identical niches do not compete
the birth rate.
A variable growth rate
The death rate.
a constant growth rate.
The immigration rate.
Grasshoppers use caterpillars as food
Grasshoppers protect the caterpillars in exchange for food.
Both species eat more corn when they are together compared to when each species is alone
Caterpillars eat more corn and grasshoppers eat less corn when the two species are together, compared to when each species is alone.
Both caterpillars and grasshoppers eat less corn when the two species are together compared to when each species is alone.
carrying capacity determines the population size of the predator
competition for resources limits the population size of the prey.
Population growth of the prey is exponential when the predator is absent
Predator mortality does not influence the predator population.
Predation rate does not influence the prey population.
Its removal should result in a loss of species richness
Its removal should result in a gain of species richness.
Its removal should result in no change of species richness
Adding more individuals of the mutualist species will decrease species richness.
replacing it with a non-keystone species should result in no change of species richness