Anthropology Test 1

1.

A genetically inherited condition in which intestines and other abdominal organs protrude through the central abdominal wall is called what?

A.

Abdominal wall defect
B.

Biopsy
C.

Obsidian hydration
D.

Rickets disease

Correct Answer
A. Abdominal wall defect

Explanation
This must be corrected by surgery at birth.

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2.

A human blood typing system in which there are 4 distinct types: A, B, AB, and O is called what?

A.

ABC blood system
B.

ABB blood system
C.

AOB blood system
D.

ABO blood system

Correct Answer
D. ABO blood system

Explanation
An individual inherits an ABO type from his or her parents and does not change it throughout life. The ABO system is not unique to humans but is shared by many other primates including apes and monkeys. Humans and other primates share other blood typing systems as well.

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3.

Changes in the body in response to environmental stresses such as high or low temperatures, intense ultraviolet radiation from sun light, or high altitude is called what?

A.

Adaptation
B.

Acclimatization
C.

Agglutination
D.

Allele

Correct Answer
B. Acclimatization

Explanation
changes in the body in response to environmental stresses such as high or low temperatures, intense ultraviolet radiation from sun light, or high altitude. The anatomical and physiological changes made in acclimatization are usually reversible.

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4.

The process by which populations of organisms respond to long term environmental stresses by permanent genetic change--i.e., by evolving is called what?

A.

Anaerobic
B.

Adaptation
C.

Anagenesis
D.

Anthropoid

Correct Answer
B. Adaptation

5.

The clumping together of red cells in blood as a result of antibodies attaching to antigens on the surface of the cells is called what

A.

Allele
B.

Albinism
C.

Agglutination
D.

AIDS

Correct Answer
C. Agglutination

Explanation
the clumping together of red cells in blood as a result of antibodies attaching to antigens on the surface of the cells. This occurs when blood of incompatible types is mixed together outside of the body, as for example during blood typing. When different types of blood come into contact within the body as a result of a mismatched transfusion, the alien red cells usually burst instead of agglutinate.

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6.

The genetically inherited condition in which there is a marked deficiency of pigmentation in skin, hair, and eyes is called what?

A.

Explanation
the genetically inherited condition in which there is a marked deficiency of pigmentation in skin, hair, and eyes. An individual with these traits is an "albino." Since the gene for albinism is recessive, it only shows up in the phenotype of homozygous recessive people. Albinos have sunlight sensitive eyes and skin. They are also more likely to develop skin and eye cancers. This is a pleiotropic trait

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