ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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Final, a and p, biology
- 1.The 5 special senses are ___, _____, _____, ____,____.
- 2.Mechanoreceptors respond to.......
- 3.Nociceptors respond to......
- 4.What are the 4 steps in the process of sensation?1.2.3.4.
- 5.Name and describe ALL receptors associated with the skin/touch.1. Free nerve ending = unspecific, simple. found throughout the body. pain, temp., itch, movement2. Touch= more complex crude touch-- something has contacted skin find touch- where, what, and texture (specific)
- 6.------ TYPES OF TOUCH RECEPTORS ----Merkel disc=
- A.
Light touch, superficial pressure, in epidermis, found on lips, fingertips, and hands
- B.
In dermis, ligaments and tendons. found on hands and soles of feet. sensitve to stretching as digits and limbs are moved and continued pressure.
- C.
Wide spread, dermis, subcutaenous, under mucous and serous membranes, joints. recognizes deep pressure and vibration. Associated with proprioception. pressure
- 7.--- TYPES OF TOUCH RECEPTORS ---Pacinian Corpuscles=
- A.
Wide spread, dermis, subcutaenous, under mucous and serous membranes, joints. recognizes deep pressure and vibration. Associated with proprioception. pressure
- B.
In dermis, ligaments and tendons. found on hands and soles of feet. sensitve to stretching as digits and limbs are moved and continued pressure.
- C.
Light touch, superficial pressure, in epidermis, found on lips, fingertips, and hands
- 8.Explain thermal sensation.thermoreceptors- free nerve endings. warmth vs. coldness - different receptors. anything above or below stimulate pain receptors.
- 9.Explain painful sensation. Nociceptors- free nerve endings. everywhere except brain. extreme, thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli. tissue damage causes release of prostaglandins, kinins, and potassium ions. pain may persist because chemicals linger.
- 10.Fungiform taste buds
- A.
Tacticle receptors - no taste buds
- B.
Back of tongue, 100-300 taste buds
- C.
All over, 5 each
- 11.Foliate taste buds
- A.
All over, 5 each
- B.
Edges of tongue - degenerate early
- C.
No taste buds
- 12.Filiform taste buds
- A.
All over, 5 each
- B.
Edge of tongue - degenerate early
- C.
Tactile receptors - no taste buds
- 13.Tastant dissolved in salivia - taste pores - contact with taste hairs - release of neurotransmitter - depoloarization of axons- facial nerve- medulla oblongata-thalamus- cerebral cortex
- 14.LIST THE EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES1. ________ -parallel2. ___________- up3. ______ - down4. __________ - outward5. __________ - inward6. __________ - roll up7. _________ - roll down
- 15.___, ____, _____ are the 3 layers of the eyeball.
- 16.What is the function of the vascular layer of the eye?
- 17.What is the function of the nervous layer of the eye?
- 18.What is the function of aqueous humor?
- 19.What is the function of vitreous humor?
- 20.EXTERNAL EAR____ part you rest your glasses on_____ opening through temporal membrane_____ between meatus and middle ear
- 21.INNER EAR_________ = series of tunnels and chambers in temporal bone. the three regions are chochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule. lined with periosteum. filled with perilymp_____ = inside bony. vestibular and basilar membrane. filled with endolymph. cochlear duct is inbetween.
- 22.List the steps in the physiology of hearing.
- 23.What are otoacoustic emissions?
- 24.Describe dynamic equilibrium and how it is maintained.
- 25.What are the components of (bones) matrix?
- 26.What are the components of (bones) cells?
- 27.What are the 3 types of bone cells?
- 28.What is the function of osteoclasts?
- 29.COMPACT BONE =
- A.
Increased matrix/decreased spaces. external layer of all bones, shafts of long bones. denser. blood vessels found within the bone. protection and support. resist stress.
- B.
Mature bone
- C.
Found in fetal development and fracture repair (immature bone)
- 30.LAMELLAR BONE=
- A.
Found in fetal development and fracture repair (immature bone)
- B.
Mature bone. parallel collagen fibers.
- C.
Found in fetal development and fracture repair (immature bone)
- 31.How does a bone remodel?
- 32.BONE FRACTURES______ doesnt go all the way through_____ fracture comes through the skin____ bones are pushed together_____ counter, twisting
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