Anatomy Class Test 3: Cardiovascular System (Arteries, Veins And Lymph)
The questions in this bank have been compiled by senior students at Masaryk University, and are intended to help better prepare you for your final exam.
Please note, these questions are NOT past papers. The questions were put together using the Course Syllabus, Lectures, and the faculty recommended text books 'Clinically Orientated Anatomy', 'Internal Organs, Vol 2', and 'Instant Anatomy'.
- 1.
Paries inferior of the right atrium does not contain:
- A.
Ostium v. cavae superioris
- B.
Valvula v. cavae inf.
- C.
Ostium sinus coronarii
- D.
Valcula sinus coronarii
- E.
Ostium v. cavae inferioris
Correct Answer
A. Ostium v. cavae superiorisExplanation
The correct answer is "Ostium v. cavae superioris." This is because the inferior part of the right atrium does not contain the opening for the superior vena cava. The superior vena cava enters the right atrium through the superior part of the atrium, not the inferior part.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The left coronary artery:
- A.
Originates from the left ventricular sinus
- B.
Ascends on posterior surface of left atrium to the SA node
- C.
Anastamoses with the right coronary artery
- D.
Distributes to the SA node
- E.
All statements are correct
Correct Answer
C. Anastamoses with the right coronary arteryExplanation
The left coronary artery anastomoses with the right coronary artery. This means that there is a connection or communication between these two arteries, allowing blood to flow between them. This anastomosis is important for providing collateral circulation to the heart, ensuring that blood supply is maintained even if there is a blockage or obstruction in one of the arteries.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The right coronary artery:
- A.
Originates from the right aortic sinus
- B.
Follows the coronary groove between the atria and ventricles
- C.
Distributes to the SA node
- D.
Distributes to the AV node
- E.
All statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All statements are correctExplanation
The right coronary artery originates from the right aortic sinus and follows the coronary groove between the atria and ventricles. It distributes to both the SA node and the AV node. Therefore, all statements are correct.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The right coronary artery does not suppy:
- A.
The right atrium
- B.
The right ventricle
- C.
The SA node
- D.
The AV node
- E.
None of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
E. None of the answers are correctExplanation
The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, SA node, and AV node. Therefore, none of the answers are correct as the right coronary artery supplies all of these structures.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The interior of the left atrium:
- A.
Walls covered with a mesh of trabeculae carneae
- B.
Has four pulmonary veins entering its posterior wall
- C.
Has a thinner wall than the right atrium
- D.
Contains anterior and posterior papillary muscles
- E.
None of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
B. Has four pulmonary veins entering its posterior wallExplanation
The left atrium has four pulmonary veins entering its posterior wall. This is important because these veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. The presence of four pulmonary veins distinguishes the left atrium from the right atrium, which receives deoxygenated blood from the body. The other options provided in the question do not accurately describe the interior of the left atrium.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The interior of the left atrium:
- A.
Walls covered with a mesh of trabeculae carneae
- B.
Has four pulmonary veins entering its posterior wall
- C.
Has a thinner wall than the right atrium
- D.
Contains anterior and posterior papillary muscles
- E.
None of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
B. Has four pulmonary veins entering its posterior wallExplanation
The left atrium has four pulmonary veins entering its posterior wall. This is an important anatomical feature of the left atrium, as it allows oxygenated blood from the lungs to flow into the heart. The other options listed do not accurately describe the interior of the left atrium.Rate this question:
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- 7.
When systole begins:
- A.
Tricuspid and mitral valves open
- B.
Pulmonary and aortic valves open
- C.
Atria contract
- D.
Blood is ejected from the atria
- E.
None of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
B. Pulmonary and aortic valves openExplanation
When systole begins, the pulmonary and aortic valves open. This allows blood to be pumped out of the heart and into the pulmonary artery and aorta, respectively. The tricuspid and mitral valves remain closed during systole to prevent backflow of blood into the atria. The contraction of the atria helps to fill the ventricles with blood before the ventricles contract during systole. Therefore, the correct answer is that the pulmonary and aortic valves open during systole.Rate this question:
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- 8.
When diastole begins:
- A.
AV valves close
- B.
Pulmonary and aortic valves open
- C.
Atria contract
- D.
Blood is ejected from the ventricles
- E.
None of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
C. Atria contractExplanation
During diastole, the atria are relaxed and filling with blood. When the atria contract, they push the blood into the ventricles, helping to fill them. This is known as atrial systole. Therefore, the correct answer is "Atria contract."Rate this question:
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- 9.
The circumflex artery:
- A.
Is a branch of the right coronary artery
- B.
Runs to the anterior surface of the heart
- C.
Supplies the left atrium and the left ventricle
- D.
Anastamoses with the left coronary artery
- E.
None of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
C. Supplies the left atrium and the left ventricleExplanation
The circumflex artery supplies the left atrium and the left ventricle. This artery is not a branch of the right coronary artery, it runs to the posterior surface of the heart, and it anastomoses with the right coronary artery.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The SA node:
- A.
Is located anterolaterally just deep to the epicardium at the junction of the SVC and the right atrium
- B.
Is near the superior end of the sulcus terminalis
- C.
Initiates and regulates impulses for contraction of the heart
- D.
Is supplied by both divisions of the autonomic nervous system by the cardiac plexus
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the statements are correctExplanation
The SA node is located near the superior end of the sulcus terminalis, which is anterolaterally just deep to the epicardium at the junction of the SVC and the right atrium. It is responsible for initiating and regulating impulses for contraction of the heart. Additionally, it is supplied by both divisions of the autonomic nervous system by the cardiac plexus. Therefore, all of the statements are correct.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Superior mediastinum does not contain:
- A.
Thymus
- B.
Brachiocephalic veins
- C.
Superior Vena Cava
- D.
Prevertebral muscles
- E.
None of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. None of the statements are correctExplanation
The superior mediastinum contains the thymus, brachiocephalic veins, and the superior vena cava. It does not contain prevertebral muscles. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the statements are correct."Rate this question:
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- 12.
The thymus:
- A.
Is a primary lymphoid organ
- B.
Is located in the anterior part of the superior mediastinum
- C.
Lies posterior to the manubrium
- D.
Is supplied by branches of the internal thoracic arteries
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the statements are correctExplanation
All of the statements are correct. The thymus is indeed a primary lymphoid organ, responsible for the production and maturation of T cells. It is located in the anterior part of the superior mediastinum, behind the sternum and in front of the heart. It lies posterior to the manubrium, which is the upper part of the sternum. The thymus is supplied by branches of the internal thoracic arteries, which provide blood flow to the organ. Therefore, all of the statements provided are accurate.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the statements about the endocardium is incorrect:
- A.
Is a thin glossy connective tissue membrane lining the heart chambers
- B.
Lines the surface of all valves
- C.
Is thicker in ventricles than in atria
- D.
Has continuous endothelium with the vessels of the heart
- E.
Is thicker in the left side of the heart
Correct Answer
C. Is thicker in ventricles than in atriaExplanation
The endocardium is a thin glossy connective tissue membrane lining the heart chambers. It lines the surface of all valves and has a continuous endothelium with the vessels of the heart. However, it is not thicker in ventricles than in atria.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The myocardium:
- A.
In the atria consists of three layers
- B.
In the ventricles consists of two layers
- C.
The superficial layer is common for both ventricles, forms the left-hand spiral to the apex - vortex cordis
- D.
The deep layer is seperate for each ventricle and is circular
- E.
None of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
C. The superficial layer is common for both ventricles, forms the left-hand spiral to the apex - vortex cordisExplanation
The correct answer states that the superficial layer of the myocardium is common for both ventricles and forms the left-hand spiral to the apex, which is known as the vortex cordis. This explanation clarifies the correct statement regarding the structure and arrangement of the myocardium in the ventricles.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The ascending aorta:
- A.
Originates from the aortic orifice of the left ventricle
- B.
Ascends approximately 5cm to the sternal angle
- C.
Gives rise to the right and left coronary arteries
- D.
Commences on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the statements are correctExplanation
The ascending aorta is the first section of the aorta that originates from the aortic orifice of the left ventricle. It ascends approximately 5cm to the sternal angle. It also gives rise to the right and left coronary arteries. The ascending aorta commences on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage. Therefore, all of the statements are correct.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The arch of the aorta:
- A.
Is the posterior aspect of the thoracic aorta
- B.
Runs anteriorly to the oesophagus
- C.
Arches anteriorly on the right side of the trachea
- D.
Is superior to the left main bronchus
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
D. Is superior to the left main bronchusExplanation
The arch of the aorta is superior to the left main bronchus. This means that it is located above the left main bronchus in the thoracic cavity.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The thoracic aorta:
- A.
Is a continuation of the arch of the aorta
- B.
Descends in the posterior mediastinum
- C.
Gives rise to posterior intercostal arteries
- D.
Gives rise to some phrenic arteries and visceral branches
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the statements are correctExplanation
The thoracic aorta is a continuation of the arch of the aorta, descending in the posterior mediastinum. It gives rise to posterior intercostal arteries, as well as some phrenic arteries and visceral branches. Therefore, all of the statements provided are correct.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which statement about ligamentum arteriosum is incorrect:
- A.
Is a remnant of fetal ductus arteriosus
- B.
Starts from the root of the left pulmonary artery
- C.
Passes to the superior surface of the arch of the aorta
- D.
Runs in close proximity to the left recurrent laryngeal vein
- E.
Arises near the superior surface of the pulmonary trunk
Correct Answer
C. Passes to the superior surface of the arch of the aortaExplanation
The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus, which is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta in the developing fetus. It starts from the root of the left pulmonary artery and runs in close proximity to the left recurrent laryngeal vein. However, the incorrect statement is that it passes to the superior surface of the arch of the aorta. The ligamentum arteriosum actually passes behind the arch of the aorta, connecting the proximal part of the left pulmonary artery to the descending aorta.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is not a branch of the aortic arch:
- A.
Brachicephalic trunk
- B.
Left common carotid artery
- C.
Left subclavian artery
- D.
Posterior intercostal artery
- E.
None of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
D. Posterior intercostal arteryExplanation
The posterior intercostal artery is not a branch of the aortic arch. The aortic arch gives rise to three major branches: the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. These branches supply blood to different parts of the body, but the posterior intercostal artery is not one of them. It is a branch of the thoracic aorta, which is a continuation of the aortic arch, but it is not directly connected to the aortic arch itself.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The common iliac veins:
- A.
Are found at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebrae
- B.
Form the inferior vena cava
- C.
Are accompanied along their course by common iliac arteries.
- D.
Drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the statements are correctExplanation
The common iliac veins are found at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebrae, form the inferior vena cava, are accompanied along their course by common iliac arteries, and drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs. All of these statements are correct.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following statements is correct:
- A.
It is possible to auscultate the aortic valve in the second intercostal space, at the right upper sternal border
- B.
The subclavian artery passes between the anterior and the middle scalene muscles
- C.
The subclavian artery gives rise to the thyrocervical trunk
- D.
The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the statements are correctExplanation
All of the statements are correct. The first statement is true because the aortic valve can be heard in the second intercostal space, at the right upper sternal border. The second statement is true because the subclavian artery does pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. The third statement is true because the subclavian artery does give rise to the thyrocervical trunk. The fourth statement is true because the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib. Therefore, all of the statements are correct.Rate this question:
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- 22.
In the fifth intercostal space, medial to the left midclavicular line, it is possible to auscultate the:
- A.
Pulmonary valve
- B.
Aortic valve
- C.
Tricuspid valve
- D.
Mitral valve
- E.
None of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
D. Mitral valveExplanation
The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. The fifth intercostal space is a specific anatomical location on the chest, and the left midclavicular line is a vertical line that extends down the middle of the left clavicle. By auscultating (listening) in this area, one can hear the sounds produced by the mitral valve during the cardiac cycle. The other options are incorrect because they are either located in different areas of the chest or they are not audible in this specific location.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In the second intercostal space, at the left upper sternal border, it is possible to auscultate the:
- A.
Pulmonary valve
- B.
Aortic valve
- C.
Tricuspid valve
- D.
Mitral valve
- E.
None of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
A. Pulmonary valveExplanation
The pulmonary valve is located in the second intercostal space at the left upper sternal border. This is the correct location for auscultating the pulmonary valve. The other options (aortic valve, tricuspid valve, mitral valve) are not located in this specific area. Therefore, the correct answer is the pulmonary valve.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The axillary artery:
- A.
Supplies blood to the medial aspect of the thorax, the axilla, and the upper limb
- B.
After passing the lower margin of teres minor it becomes the brachial artery.
- C.
Has a part medial to the pectoralis minor muscle, and a part lateral to it.
- D.
Is surrounded by the cervical plexus
- E.
None of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
C. Has a part medial to the pectoralis minor muscle, and a part lateral to it.Explanation
The axillary artery has a part medial to the pectoralis minor muscle, and a part lateral to it. This means that the artery is divided into two sections by the pectoralis minor muscle. The medial part of the artery lies on the inner side of the muscle, while the lateral part lies on the outer side. This division is important for understanding the blood supply to the structures in the axilla and upper limb, as different branches arise from each section of the artery.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The tricuspid valve:
- A.
It is located on the right dorsal side of the heart, between the right atrium and right ventricle
- B.
Has three papillary muscles
- C.
Are connected to the papillary muscles by the chordae tendineae, which lie in the right ventricle.
- D.
Can be found in some people with two or four leaflets
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the statements are correctExplanation
The tricuspid valve is located on the right dorsal side of the heart, between the right atrium and right ventricle. It has three papillary muscles and is connected to the papillary muscles by the chordae tendineae, which lie in the right ventricle. Additionally, it can be found in some people with two or four leaflets.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following statements is incorrect:
- A.
Thoracic aorta passes from T3 to T11/12
- B.
The ascending aorta is 3-5cm long
- C.
Aortic arch is from second right sternocostal junction to the left side of T3
- D.
Abdominal aorta passes from T11/12 to L4
- E.
On the left side the subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery
Correct Answer
E. On the left side the subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic arteryExplanation
The correct answer is "On the left side the subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery." This statement is incorrect because on the left side, the subclavian artery arises directly from the aortic arch, not from the brachiocephalic artery. The brachiocephalic artery gives rise to the right subclavian artery.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Common carotid artery:
- A.
Right is 4cm longer than the left
- B.
Passes medial to the trachea and larynx
- C.
Passes posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- D.
Passes anterior to the omohyoid muscle
- E.
None of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
C. Passes posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscleExplanation
The correct answer is "Passes posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle." This is because the common carotid artery does indeed pass behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which is a large muscle located in the neck. The other statements provided are either incorrect or do not describe the anatomical position of the common carotid artery.Rate this question:
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- 28.
External carotid artery:
- A.
Supplies the upper half of the neck and the head except the brain, orbit and inner ear.
- B.
Passes medial to musculus stylohyoidius
- C.
Can be located in the submandibular triangle
- D.
Passes lateral to the pharynx, anterior to the styloid septum
- E.
All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the answers are correctExplanation
The external carotid artery is responsible for supplying blood to the upper half of the neck and the head, excluding the brain, orbit, and inner ear. It passes medially to the musculus stylohyoidius and can be located in the submandibular triangle. Additionally, it passes laterally to the pharynx and anterior to the styloid septum. All of these statements accurately describe the external carotid artery.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following is not a branch of the facial artery:
- A.
Inferior labial artery
- B.
Angular artery
- C.
Lateral nasal branch
- D.
Superior labial artery
- E.
None of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
E. None of the answers are correctExplanation
The question asks which of the options is not a branch of the facial artery. However, all of the options listed are actually branches of the facial artery. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the answers are correct".Rate this question:
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- 30.
The carotid triangle:
- A.
Is bound posteriorly by stylohyoideus
- B.
Is bound superiorly by sternocleidomastoid muscle
- C.
Is bound inferiorly by the superior belly of omohyoid muscle
- D.
Is bounnd anteriorly by the platysma muscle
- E.
All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
C. Is bound inferiorly by the superior belly of omohyoid muscleExplanation
The carotid triangle is a anatomical region in the neck. It is bounded by different structures, including the stylohyoid muscle posteriorly, the sternocleidomastoid muscle superiorly, the platysma muscle anteriorly, and the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle inferiorly. Therefore, the correct answer is that the carotid triangle is bound inferiorly by the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following statements about the vena cava superior is incorrect:
- A.
It is aproximately 6cm long
- B.
It has a diameter of 2-3cm
- C.
It descends in the posterior mediastinum
- D.
Opens into the right atrium
- E.
It arises by union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins
Correct Answer
C. It descends in the posterior mediastinumExplanation
The vena cava superior does not descend in the posterior mediastinum. It is located in the anterior mediastinum.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Brachiocephalic vein:
- A.
Arise by union of the v. jugularis interna and v. subclavia
- B.
It has a diameter of 2-3cm
- C.
Is longer on the left side
- D.
Joins to form the vena cava superior
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the statements are correctExplanation
The brachiocephalic vein arises from the union of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein. It has a diameter of 2-3cm and is longer on the left side. It joins with other veins to form the superior vena cava. All of these statements are correct.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Internal jugular vein:
- A.
Brings blood from the cranial cavity, face, and neck, to the heart
- B.
Arises in the dorsolateral part of the foramen jugulare
- C.
Runs lateral to CN XII and CN XI
- D.
Drains to the brachiocephalic vein
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the statements are correctExplanation
The internal jugular vein brings blood from the cranial cavity, face, and neck to the heart. It arises in the dorsolateral part of the foramen jugulare. It runs lateral to CN XII and CN XI. It drains to the brachiocephalic vein. Therefore, all of the statements are correct.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Azygos vein:
- A.
Passes up the left side of the thoracic vertebral column
- B.
Provides an alternate path for blood to the right atrium
- C.
It is formed by the union of the renal veins with the left subcostal veins
- D.
Ascends in the anterior mediastinum
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
B. Provides an alternate path for blood to the right atriumExplanation
The Azygos vein provides an alternate path for blood to the right atrium. This means that if there is any obstruction or blockage in the usual route of blood flow, the Azygos vein can serve as a backup pathway to ensure that blood can still reach the right atrium. This is important for maintaining proper blood circulation and preventing any potential complications that may arise from a blockage in the usual route.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The apex of the heart:
- A.
Is the lowest most superficial part of the heart
- B.
Is directed downwards, forwards, and to the left
- C.
Lies behind the fifth left intercostal space
- D.
Is overlapped by the left lung and pleura
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the statements are correctExplanation
The apex of the heart refers to the lowest most superficial part of the heart. It is directed downwards, forwards, and to the left. It lies behind the fifth left intercostal space. Additionally, it is overlapped by the left lung and pleura. Therefore, all of the statements provided in the answer are correct.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Lymphatic drainage of the kidney is to:
- A.
Lumbar nodes
- B.
Coeliac nodes
- C.
Superior messenteric nodes
- D.
Pancreaticoduodenal nodes
- E.
None of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
A. Lumbar nodesExplanation
The lymphatic drainage of the kidney is to the lumbar nodes. This means that the lymphatic vessels from the kidney drain into the lymph nodes located in the lumbar region of the body. The lumbar nodes are responsible for filtering and processing the lymph fluid before it is returned to the bloodstream. This drainage pathway allows for the removal of waste products and toxins from the kidney, helping to maintain proper kidney function. The other options listed (coeliac nodes, superior mesenteric nodes, pancreaticoduodenal nodes) are not involved in the lymphatic drainage of the kidney.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Deep cervical lymph nodes drain into:
- A.
Bracheocephalic trunk
- B.
Jugular trunk
- C.
Subclavicular trunk
- D.
Aortic arch
- E.
None of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
B. Jugular trunkExplanation
The deep cervical lymph nodes drain into the jugular trunk. The jugular trunk is a major lymphatic vessel that collects lymph from various regions of the head and neck, including the deep cervical lymph nodes. It then drains into the thoracic duct, which is responsible for returning lymph to the bloodstream. The other options listed, such as the brachiocephalic trunk, subclavicular trunk, and aortic arch, are not involved in the drainage of the deep cervical lymph nodes.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Superficial groups of lymph nodes in the head include:
- A.
Occipital
- B.
Retroauricular
- C.
Parotid
- D.
Buccal
- E.
All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the answers are correctExplanation
The superficial groups of lymph nodes in the head include the occipital, retroauricular, parotid, and buccal lymph nodes. These lymph nodes are located near the surface of the skin and are responsible for filtering lymph fluid and helping to fight infection. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct as they all represent different superficial groups of lymph nodes in the head.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Preaortic lymph nodes consist of:
- A.
Coeliac nodes
- B.
Retroauricular nodes
- C.
Pulmonary nodes
- D.
Intercostal nodes
- E.
All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
A. Coeliac nodesExplanation
The correct answer is coeliac nodes. Preaortic lymph nodes are located in front of the abdominal aorta and consist of various groups of lymph nodes, including the coeliac nodes. These nodes are responsible for filtering and draining lymph from the abdominal organs, such as the stomach, liver, spleen, and pancreas. They play an important role in immune response and the spread of cancer cells.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Preaortic lymph nodes contain:
- A.
Coeliac nodes
- B.
Retroauricular nodes
- C.
Pulmonary nodes
- D.
Intercostal nodes
- E.
All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
A. Coeliac nodesExplanation
Preaortic lymph nodes are located in the abdomen, near the aorta. The coeliac nodes, also known as celiac nodes, are a group of lymph nodes that are part of the preaortic lymph nodes. They are located around the coeliac artery, which is a major branch of the abdominal aorta. The coeliac nodes receive lymphatic drainage from various abdominal organs, including the stomach, liver, spleen, and pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is "Coeliac nodes."Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which structure drains into the lateral aortic lymph nodes:
- A.
Kidney
- B.
Suprarenal glands
- C.
Abdominal ureter
- D.
Testis and ovaries
- E.
All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the answers are correctExplanation
All of the structures mentioned (kidney, suprarenal glands, abdominal ureter, testis and ovaries) drain into the lateral aortic lymph nodes. This means that lymphatic fluid from these structures flows into the lateral aortic lymph nodes for filtration and processing. Therefore, all of the answers are correct.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Which of the following statements about the spleen is incorrect:
- A.
Is the largest lymphatic organ
- B.
Participates in the proliferation of lymphocytes
- C.
Identify, remove and destroy expended red blood cells and platelets
- D.
Lies in the right hypochondrium, to the right of the stomach fundus
- E.
All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
D. Lies in the right hypochondrium, to the right of the stomach fundusExplanation
The spleen is not located in the right hypochondrium, to the right of the stomach fundus. Instead, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, between the stomach and the diaphragm. The spleen is responsible for filtering the blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells and platelets, and participating in the immune response by producing and storing lymphocytes. It is the largest lymphatic organ in the body.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The thymus:
- A.
Consists of two lobes, joined together by connective tissue
- B.
The left lobe is bigger than the right lobe
- C.
Functions in the differentiation of lymphocytes, development and maintenance of the immune system
- D.
The cortex is denser and darker than the medulla
- E.
All of the answers are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the answers are correctExplanation
The thymus consists of two lobes, joined together by connective tissue. The left lobe is bigger than the right lobe. It functions in the differentiation of lymphocytes and the development and maintenance of the immune system. Additionally, the cortex of the thymus is denser and darker than the medulla. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which of the following does not drain into the deep cervical lymph nodes:
- A.
Nll. occipitales
- B.
Nll. parotidei
- C.
Nll. cubitales
- D.
Nll. submentales
- E.
Nll. submandibulares
Correct Answer
C. Nll. cubitalesExplanation
The deep cervical lymph nodes receive drainage from various structures in the head and neck region. The Nll. occipitales, Nll. parotidei, Nll. submentales, and Nll. submandibulares all drain into the deep cervical lymph nodes. However, the Nll. cubitales do not drain into the deep cervical lymph nodes.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which of the following does not drain into the deep cervical lymph nodes:
- A.
Nll. occipitales
- B.
Nll. parotidei
- C.
Nll. cubitales
- D.
Nll. submentales
- E.
Nll. submandibulares
Correct Answer
C. Nll. cubitalesExplanation
The deep cervical lymph nodes drain lymph from various structures in the head and neck region. The Nll. occipitales, Nll. parotidei, Nll. submentales, and Nll. submandibulares all drain into the deep cervical lymph nodes. However, the Nll. cubitales do not drain into the deep cervical lymph nodes.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which of the following statements is incorrect:
- A.
Thoracic aorta passes from T3 to T11/12
- B.
The ascending aorta is 3-5cm long
- C.
Aortic arch is from second right sternocostal junction to the left side of T3
- D.
Abdominal aorta passes from T11/12 to L4
- E.
On the left side the subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery
Correct Answer
E. On the left side the subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic arteryExplanation
The correct answer is "On the left side the subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery." This statement is incorrect because on the left side, the subclavian artery arises directly from the aortic arch, not from the brachiocephalic artery.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which of the following is not a branch of the aortic arch:
- A.
Anterior intercostal artery
- B.
Left common carotid artery
- C.
Left subclavian artery
- D.
Brachicephalic trunk
- E.
None of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
D. Brachicephalic trunkExplanation
The brachiocephalic trunk is not a branch of the aortic arch. The aortic arch gives rise to three main branches: the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. The brachiocephalic trunk then divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. Therefore, the correct answer is the brachiocephalic trunk.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The left coronary artery:
- A.
Originates from the left ventricular sinus
- B.
Ascends on posterior surface of left atrium to the SA node
- C.
Anastamoses with the right coronary artery
- D.
Distributes to the SA node
- E.
All statements are correct
Correct Answer
C. Anastamoses with the right coronary arteryExplanation
The left coronary artery is a major blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. It originates from the left ventricular sinus, ascends on the posterior surface of the left atrium, and anastomoses with the right coronary artery. This anastomosis provides collateral circulation, allowing blood flow to the heart even if one of the arteries becomes blocked. Additionally, the left coronary artery distributes blood to the SA node, which is responsible for initiating the heart's electrical impulses. Therefore, all of the statements given are correct.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Which of the following statements is correct:
- A.
It is possible to auscultate the aortic valve in the second intercostal space, at the right upper sternal border
- B.
The subclavian artery passes between the anterior and the middle scalene muscles
- C.
The subclavian artery gives rise to the thyrocervical trunk
- D.
The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the statements are correctExplanation
All of the statements provided are correct. The first statement states that it is possible to auscultate the aortic valve in the second intercostal space, at the right upper sternal border. The second statement correctly states that the subclavian artery passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. The third statement is also accurate, as the subclavian artery does give rise to the thyrocervical trunk. Lastly, the fourth statement correctly states that the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib. Therefore, all of the statements are correct.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Which of the following nodes drain in the the trunkus subclavius?
- A.
Nll. axillares centrales
- B.
Nll. axillares laterales
- C.
Nll. axillares subscapulares
- D.
Nll. axillares apicales
- E.
All of the statements are correct
Correct Answer
E. All of the statements are correctExplanation
All of the statements are correct because the trunkus subclavius drains into the axillary lymph nodes. The axillary lymph nodes are divided into three groups: central, lateral, and subscapular. The central axillary lymph nodes receive lymphatic drainage from the trunkus subclavius, as well as from other areas of the upper limb and the breast. Therefore, all of the statements are correct in this context.Rate this question:
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