Part Of The Brain
Test of neuroanatomy.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The brain is made up of _____ _____ and ______ structures.
Explanation
The brain is composed of two main components: the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures. The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain and is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, perception, and voluntary movement. Subcortical structures, on the other hand, are located beneath the cerebral cortex and include various regions such as the thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal ganglia. These structures play a crucial role in regulating emotions, coordinating movement, and relaying sensory information. Therefore, the correct answer includes both the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures.Rate this question:
- 2.
Sensory information enters the CNS via the dorsal portion, Motor commands exit the CNS via the ventral portion.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because sensory information, such as touch, pain, and temperature, enters the central nervous system (CNS) through the dorsal portion. This portion includes the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves, which contain sensory fibers that transmit information from the body to the CNS. On the other hand, motor commands, which control muscle movement and other actions, exit the CNS through the ventral portion. This portion includes the ventral roots of the spinal nerves, which contain motor fibers that transmit information from the CNS to the muscles and glands. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the flow of sensory information and motor commands in the CNS.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The ___ mater adheres closely to the brain surface. The brain is encased in the _____ _____, which is encased in ___ ____, which is encased in the skull.
Correct Answer
pia, arachnoid membrane, dura mater
Pia. Arachnoid membrane. Dura materExplanation
The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges and adheres closely to the brain surface. The brain is encased in the arachnoid membrane, which is the middle layer of the meninges. The dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges and is encased in the skull.Rate this question:
- 4.
Which contains cerebrospinal fluid?
- A.
Dura mater
- B.
Arachnoid membrane
- C.
Pia mater
Correct Answer
B. Arachnoid membraneExplanation
The arachnoid membrane contains cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid is found in the subarachnoid space, which is located between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater. The cerebrospinal fluid serves as a protective cushion for the brain and spinal cord, providing them with nutrients and removing waste products.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Anterior =
- A.
Posterior
- B.
Rostral
- C.
Dorsal
- D.
Ventral
- E.
Caudal
Correct Answer
B. RostralExplanation
Rostral refers to the front or anterior part of the body, while the other options refer to different directions or positions. Posterior means the back or rear part, dorsal refers to the upper side, ventral refers to the lower side, and caudal refers to the tail end. Therefore, rostral is the correct answer as it is the opposite of posterior and indicates the front or anterior part of the body.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Superior =
- A.
Dorsal
- B.
Anterior
- C.
Caudal
- D.
Ventral
Correct Answer
A. DorsalExplanation
The term "superior" refers to something that is situated higher or above another structure. In anatomical terms, "dorsal" is the correct answer as it refers to the back or upper side of an organism. This aligns with the concept of being superior or situated above. "Anterior" refers to the front, "caudal" refers to the tail end, and "ventral" refers to the belly or lower side, which are not synonymous with superior.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Inferior =
- A.
Caudal
- B.
Superior
- C.
Ventral
- D.
Rostral
- E.
Anterior
Correct Answer
C. VentralExplanation
The term "inferior" refers to something that is situated below or lower in position. Similarly, the term "ventral" refers to the belly side or the lower surface of an organism. Therefore, "ventral" is the correct answer as it aligns with the meaning of "inferior" in terms of position or location.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Lateral is toward the ____. Medial is toward the _____. Ipsilateral is one the ____ side. Contralateral is on the _____ side
Correct Answer
side. midline. same. opposite.
Side. Midline. Same. Opposite
Side, midline, same, opposite
side midline same oppositeExplanation
The term "lateral" refers to a direction that is away from the midline or towards the side. "Medial" refers to a direction that is towards the midline or towards the center. "Ipsilateral" means on the same side, while "contralateral" means on the opposite side. Therefore, the correct answer is "side. midline. same. opposite." which accurately describes the directional terms.Rate this question:
- 9.
- A.
A = Coronal, B= Horizontal, C= Sagittal
- B.
A= Sagittal, B = Horizontal C= Coronal
- C.
A= Horizontal, B= Coronal, C = Sagittal
Correct Answer
A. A = Coronal, B= Horizontal, C= Sagittal -
- 10.
White versus grey matter refers to _____ vs _____
- A.
Axons, cell bodies
- B.
Cell bodies, axons
- C.
Myelinated, postsynaptic
- D.
Presynpatic, cell bodies
Correct Answer
A. Axons, cell bodiesExplanation
White matter refers to the areas of the nervous system that are primarily composed of axons, which are responsible for transmitting signals. Grey matter, on the other hand, refers to the areas that are primarily composed of cell bodies, which are responsible for processing and integrating information. Therefore, the correct answer is "axons, cell bodies".Rate this question:
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- 11.
What are the lobes?
- A.
Frontal
- B.
Parietal
- C.
Occipital
- D.
Temporal
- E.
Cerebral
- F.
Posterior
- G.
Anterior
- H.
Inferior
- I.
Lateral
Correct Answer(s)
A. Frontal
B. Parietal
C. Occipital
D. TemporalExplanation
The lobes refer to different regions of the brain that are responsible for specific functions. The frontal lobe is involved in decision-making, problem-solving, and controlling emotions. The parietal lobe processes sensory information and helps with spatial awareness. The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information. The temporal lobe is involved in hearing, language comprehension, and memory. These four lobes are the main divisions of the cerebral cortex, which is the outer layer of the brain. The other terms listed (cerebral, posterior, anterior, inferior, and lateral) are not lobes but rather describe different positions or aspects of the brain.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The main fibre connecting the two cerebral hemispheres is the ______ ______.
Correct Answer(s)
corpus callosumExplanation
The main fibre connecting the two cerebral hemispheres is the corpus callosum. The corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve fibers that allows communication and coordination between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. It plays a crucial role in integrating information and coordinating actions between the two hemispheres, allowing for the transfer of sensory, motor, and cognitive information. Without the corpus callosum, the two hemispheres would not be able to effectively communicate and work together.Rate this question:
- 13.
The Thalamus and Basal Ganglia are subcortical structures.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The Thalamus and Basal Ganglia are indeed subcortical structures. Subcortical structures refer to the areas of the brain that lie beneath the cerebral cortex. The thalamus is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex, while the basal ganglia are involved in motor control and reward-based learning. These structures play important roles in various brain functions, and their location beneath the cortex classifies them as subcortical.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The ______ fissure separates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe.
Correct Answer
SylvianExplanation
The Sylvian fissure is a prominent anatomical landmark in the brain that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe. It is also known as the lateral sulcus and is one of the most prominent and recognizable fissures in the brain. The temporal lobe is responsible for processing auditory information and is involved in memory, language, and emotion, while the frontal lobe is involved in higher cognitive functions such as decision-making, problem-solving, and motor control. The Sylvian fissure plays a crucial role in dividing these two important regions of the brain.Rate this question:
- 15.
The _______ sulcus seperates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.
Correct Answer
lateralExplanation
The lateral sulcus is a prominent fissure in the brain that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. It is also known as the Sylvian fissure. This sulcus plays a crucial role in the organization and function of the brain, as it helps to define the boundaries between different lobes and allows for communication and integration of information between them.Rate this question:
- 16.
The _____ sulcus seprates the frontal and parietal lobes
Correct Answer
centralExplanation
The central sulcus is a prominent fold in the cerebral cortex that separates the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain. It is also known as the fissure of Rolando. This sulcus is important as it demarcates the primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe from the primary somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe.Rate this question:
- 17.
The basal ganglia consists of:
- A.
Caudate Nucleus
- B.
Putamen
- C.
Globus Pallidus
- D.
Subthalamic Nucleus
- E.
Substantia Nigra
- F.
Midbrain
- G.
Pons
- H.
Medulla
Correct Answer(s)
A. Caudate Nucleus
B. Putamen
C. Globus Pallidus
D. Subthalamic Nucleus
E. Substantia NigraExplanation
The basal ganglia is a group of structures located deep within the brain. It consists of several components, including the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. These structures work together to regulate movement and play a role in various cognitive functions. The caudate nucleus and putamen are involved in motor control, while the globus pallidus helps to inhibit unwanted movements. The subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra are involved in regulating the activity of the basal ganglia.Rate this question:
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- 18.
- A.
A = fourth ventricle
- B.
A = third ventricle
- C.
D = lateral ventricle
- D.
D = cerebral aqueduct
- E.
C = fourth ventricle
- F.
C = lateral ventricle
- G.
B = cerebral aqueduct
- H.
B = third ventricle
Correct Answer(s)
A. A = fourth ventricle
D. D = cerebral aqueduct
F. C = lateral ventricle
H. B = third ventricle -
- 19.
Frontal lobe contains primary _____ cortex, which is in the precentral gyrus.
Correct Answer(s)
motorExplanation
The frontal lobe contains the primary motor cortex, which is located in the precentral gyrus. This area of the brain is responsible for planning, executing, and controlling voluntary movements of the body. It receives information from other regions of the brain and sends signals to the muscles, allowing for coordinated movement. Damage to the primary motor cortex can result in motor impairments such as weakness, difficulty with coordination, and loss of fine motor skills.Rate this question:
- 20.
The parietal lobe contains primary _______ cortex. Which is in the postcentral gyrus.
Correct Answer(s)
somatosensory
somato sensoryExplanation
The parietal lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex, which is located in the postcentral gyrus. This area of the brain is responsible for processing sensory information related to touch, pressure, temperature, and pain from different parts of the body. The term "somatosensory" refers to the sensory perception of the body and its movements, while "somato sensory" is a variation of the same term. Both terms are correct and can be used interchangeably to describe the primary cortex in the parietal lobe.Rate this question:
- 21.
The occipital lobe contains primary ____ cortex
Correct Answer(s)
visualExplanation
The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex. This area of the brain is responsible for processing visual information received from the eyes. It plays a crucial role in interpreting and making sense of the visual stimuli we encounter. The primary visual cortex is involved in basic visual processing, such as detecting edges, shapes, and colors. It is an essential component of our visual perception and allows us to see and understand the world around us.Rate this question:
- 22.
The temporal lobe contains primary ______ cortex.
Correct Answer(s)
auditoryExplanation
The correct answer is "auditory" because the temporal lobe is responsible for processing auditory information. It contains the primary auditory cortex, which is involved in the perception and interpretation of sound. This region of the brain receives signals from the ears and helps to analyze and make sense of the auditory stimuli.Rate this question:
- 23.
The primary motor cortex ______ motor commands. It is located _____ to the central sulcus. Within the ______ gyrus.
- A.
Outputs
- B.
Inputs
- C.
Anterior
- D.
Posterior
- E.
Precentral
- F.
Postcentral
Correct Answer(s)
A. Outputs
C. Anterior
E. PrecentralExplanation
The primary motor cortex is responsible for generating motor commands, which are the outputs of the motor system. It is located anterior to the central sulcus, which is a prominent fold in the brain. Specifically, it is within the precentral gyrus, which is the part of the frontal lobe that lies in front of the central sulcus.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The primary somatosensory cortex recieves ______ somatic sentastion. It is located _____ to the central sulcus. Within the ______ gyrus.
- A.
Input
- B.
Output
- C.
Posterior
- D.
Anterior
- E.
Postcentral
- F.
Precentral
Correct Answer(s)
A. Input
C. Posterior
E. PostcentralExplanation
The primary somatosensory cortex receives input from somatic sensation. It is located posterior to the central sulcus. Within the postcentral gyrus.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The _____________________ is a limbic system nucleus that gives rise to emotional reactions.
Correct Answer(s)
Amygdala.Explanation
The amygdala is a nucleus in the limbic system that plays a crucial role in generating emotional reactions. It is responsible for processing and interpreting emotional stimuli, such as fear, aggression, and pleasure. The amygdala helps to activate the body's fight or flight response and is involved in the formation and storage of emotional memories. Its connections with other brain regions allow it to influence and modulate emotional responses, contributing to our overall emotional experiences.Rate this question:
- 26.
The mesencephalon develops (in part) into which of the following structures in the adult?
- A.
Cerebellum
- B.
Pons
- C.
Thalamus
- D.
Medulla
- E.
Substantia nigra and the red nucleus
Correct Answer
E. Substantia nigra and the red nucleusExplanation
The mesencephalon, also known as the midbrain, develops into the substantia nigra and the red nucleus in the adult. The substantia nigra is responsible for producing dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in movement control, while the red nucleus is involved in motor coordination. These structures play important roles in the functioning of the central nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The diencephalon develops (in part) into the ____________ in the adult.
- A.
Cerebellum
- B.
Pons
- C.
Thalamus
- D.
Medulla
- E.
Substantia nigra and the red nucleus
Correct Answer
C. ThalamusExplanation
The diencephalon is a part of the brain that develops into various structures in the adult. One of these structures is the thalamus. The thalamus is a critical relay center in the brain, responsible for receiving sensory information and sending it to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex. It also plays a role in regulating consciousness, sleep, and alertness. Therefore, the correct answer is thalamus.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What is the name of the structure within the walls of each ventricle that secretes the clear colorless CSF fluids.
- A.
Foramen of Luschka
- B.
Subachnoid space
- C.
Choroid plexus
- D.
Cavernous sinus
- E.
Superior Saggital sinus
Correct Answer
C. Choroid plexusExplanation
The choroid plexus is the structure within the walls of each ventricle that secretes the clear colorless CSF fluids.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The brain is separated from the cranial bone by three layers of membranes. The ________ is the most external membrane and the ________ is the most internal membrane.
- A.
Pia, dura
Correct Answer
A. Pia, duraExplanation
The brain is protected by three layers of membranes called meninges. The pia mater is the most external membrane, while the dura mater is the most internal membrane. The pia mater is a thin and delicate membrane that is in direct contact with the brain, providing it with nutrients and oxygen. The dura mater, on the other hand, is a thick and durable membrane that acts as a protective barrier, preventing the brain from being damaged by external forces.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Part of the brain stem responsible for reflexes such as vomiting, sneezing, and swallowing
- A.
Midbrain
- B.
Pons
- C.
Medulla
Correct Answer
C. MedullaExplanation
The medulla is the part of the brain stem responsible for reflexes such as vomiting, sneezing, and swallowing. It is located at the base of the brain and connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain. The medulla plays a crucial role in controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also helps regulate involuntary actions and coordinates various reflexes.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Part of the brain stem responsible for breathing rate
- A.
Midbrain
- B.
Pons
- C.
Medulla
Correct Answer
B. PonsExplanation
The pons is a part of the brain stem that is responsible for regulating the breathing rate. It plays a crucial role in controlling the muscles involved in respiration and helps to maintain a regular breathing pattern. The pons also serves as a bridge connecting different regions of the brain, allowing for the transmission of signals related to breathing and other vital functions.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The hypothalmus is a structure in the brain that acts as a central relay station for sensation
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The hypothalamus is a structure in the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormone release. It acts as a control center rather than a central relay station for sensation. Sensory information is relayed to different regions of the brain, such as the thalamus, for processing and interpretation. Therefore, the given statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Structure of the brain responsible for homeostasis
Correct Answer
hypothalamusExplanation
The hypothalamus is a small region located in the brain that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. It acts as a control center, regulating various bodily functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep. The hypothalamus receives signals from different parts of the body and initiates appropriate responses to maintain internal balance. It also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which further regulate bodily functions. Overall, the hypothalamus is responsible for maintaining the stability of the internal environment and ensuring that the body functions optimally.Rate this question:
- 34.
All of the following are impairments of RIGHT hemispheric functions except
- A.
Lethargy
- B.
Apraxia
- C.
Denial of disabilities
- D.
Irritability
Correct Answer
B. ApraxiaExplanation
Apraxia refers to the inability to perform purposeful movements, despite having the physical ability and understanding to do so. This impairment is typically associated with damage to the left hemisphere of the brain, rather than the right hemisphere. Lethargy, denial of disabilities, and irritability are impairments commonly associated with right hemispheric functions. Therefore, apraxia is the exception in this list of impairments related to the right hemisphere.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Primary motor cortex
- A.
Occipital
- B.
Temporal
- C.
Parietal
- D.
Frontal
Correct Answer
D. FrontalExplanation
The primary motor cortex is responsible for the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements. It is located in the frontal lobe of the brain. This area receives input from other parts of the brain, such as the parietal lobe, which processes sensory information, and the occipital and temporal lobes, which are involved in visual and auditory processing, respectively. However, the primary motor cortex itself is specifically located in the frontal lobe.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Primary sensory cortex
- A.
Occipital
- B.
Parietal
- C.
Temporal
- D.
Frontal
Correct Answer
B. ParietalExplanation
The primary sensory cortex is responsible for processing sensory information from different parts of the body. The occipital lobe is primarily involved in visual processing, the temporal lobe is involved in auditory processing and memory, and the frontal lobe is involved in various higher cognitive functions. The parietal lobe, on the other hand, plays a crucial role in processing sensory information related to touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. Therefore, the correct answer is parietal.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Broca's area
- A.
Occipital
- B.
Temporal
- C.
Parietal
- D.
Frontal
Correct Answer
D. FrontalExplanation
The correct answer is frontal. The frontal lobe of the brain is responsible for various cognitive functions such as decision-making, problem-solving, and motor control. Broca's area, which is located in the frontal lobe, is specifically involved in the production of speech and language comprehension. The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing, the temporal lobe is involved in auditory processing and memory, and the parietal lobe is responsible for sensory perception and spatial awareness.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Wernick's area
- A.
Occipital
- B.
Temporal
- C.
Parietal
- D.
Frontal
Correct Answer
B. TemporalExplanation
The correct answer is temporal. The question is asking for the name of a specific area, and out of the given options, temporal is the only one that matches. Wernicke's area is a region in the brain associated with language comprehension, and it is located in the temporal lobe. The occipital, parietal, and frontal lobes are other major regions in the brain, but they are not specifically mentioned in the question.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Fight or flight (of the ANS)
Correct Answer
Sympathetic
sympathetic fibersExplanation
The correct answer is "Sympathetic, sympathetic fibers." The question is asking for the term that describes the "fight or flight" response of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The sympathetic division of the ANS is responsible for activating the body's response to stress or danger, preparing it for action. Sympathetic fibers are the nerve fibers that carry signals from the sympathetic division to various parts of the body, enabling the fight or flight response.Rate this question:
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