AHS 110 - Canine Nutrition
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Lectures 13-13b on Canine Nutrition.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Milk sugar is best described as
- A.
Lactose
- B.
Glucose
- C.
Glycogen
- D.
Sucrose
Correct Answer
A. LactoseExplanation
Milk sugar is best described as lactose because lactose is the main carbohydrate found in milk. It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose molecules. Lactose is unique to milk and is responsible for its sweet taste. It is also an important source of energy for infants and young animals.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The name given to the 1st milk is ____________.
Correct Answer
colostrumExplanation
The name given to the 1st milk is colostrum. Colostrum is a thick, yellowish fluid that is produced by the mammary glands in the first few days after giving birth. It is rich in antibodies and essential nutrients, providing vital immune protection and nourishment to newborns. Colostrum is often referred to as "liquid gold" due to its numerous health benefits for infants.Rate this question:
- 3.
Passive immunity is granted by:
- A.
Colostrum
- B.
Placenta
- C.
Vaccination
Correct Answer(s)
A. Colostrum
B. PlacentaExplanation
Passive immunity is granted by colostrum and placenta. Colostrum is the first milk produced by a mother after giving birth, which contains high levels of antibodies that are transferred to the newborn, providing temporary protection against diseases. Placenta also plays a role in passive immunity by allowing the transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy. Vaccination, on the other hand, is a method of acquiring active immunity, where the body is exposed to a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen to stimulate the production of antibodies.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Weaning begins at:
- A.
3-4 weeks
- B.
4-5 weeks
- C.
2-4 weeks
Correct Answer
A. 3-4 weeksExplanation
Weaning typically begins at around 3-4 weeks. This is the age when puppies or kittens start to transition from their mother's milk to solid food. At this stage, they are able to start consuming soft, mashed food and gradually decrease their dependency on milk. Weaning is an important process as it helps the young animals develop their digestive system and learn to eat independently.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The primary purpose of supplying dry or wet food before the puppies are fully weaned is to provide additional nutrients that the mother is not capable of producing.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The purpose is to start digestive system adaptations.Rate this question:
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- 6.
When first introducing dog food to the puppies...
- A.
Make sure it is completely dry so that they will adapt faster
- B.
Chow should be quite wet to aid in digestion
- C.
Add in supplements to enhance growth
Correct Answer
B. Chow should be quite wet to aid in digestionExplanation
When first introducing dog food to the puppies, it is recommended to make the chow quite wet to aid in digestion. This is because puppies have sensitive digestive systems and may have difficulty digesting dry food initially. Wetting the food helps to soften it and make it easier for the puppies to chew and digest.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Cow's milk is a suitable substitute for the bitch's milk if she is unable to feed the entire litter.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Cow milk will overload them with water and lead to stunted growth or digestive upset.Rate this question:
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- 8.
When feeding growing dogs, gradually _____ meal size and ______ number of meals a day.
- A.
Increase, decrease
- B.
Increase, increase
- C.
decrease, decrease
- D.
Decrease, increase
Correct Answer
A. Increase, decreaseExplanation
When feeding growing dogs, it is recommended to gradually increase the meal size and decrease the number of meals a day. This is because as dogs grow, their nutritional needs increase, and they require larger portions of food to support their growth. However, reducing the frequency of meals helps to prevent overeating and maintain a healthy digestion.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The primary goal of nutrition in mature dogs is:
- A.
Maintenance of ideal body composition
- B.
Support high turnover of muscle and organs
- C.
Slowly increase intake level to support increasing size
- D.
Get em' fat in time for July 4th
Correct Answer
A. Maintenance of ideal body compositionExplanation
The primary goal of nutrition in mature dogs is to maintain their ideal body composition. This means providing them with a balanced diet that meets their nutritional needs and helps them maintain a healthy weight and muscle mass. By ensuring that dogs have the right amount of nutrients and calories, their bodies can function optimally and they can avoid health issues associated with being underweight or overweight.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The primary goal for nutritional management of performance dogs is to support joint and muscle health through supplementation.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Goal remains to keep an appropriate body weight and composition.Rate this question:
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- 11.
For a lactating dog, when does feed intake peak?
- A.
1st week
- B.
2nd week
- C.
3rd week
- D.
4th week
Correct Answer
C. 3rd weekExplanation
From 3rd week, feed as much as 3 times maintenanceRate this question:
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- 12.
Gestation places the greatest demand for nutrients on animals.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
LACTATION is the greatest demand.Rate this question:
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- 13.
For most adult and geriatric dogs, too ____ is worse than too _____.
- A.
Much, little
- B.
Little, much
Correct Answer
A. Much, littleExplanation
For most adult and geriatric dogs, having too much of something is worse than having too little. This can be applied to various aspects of their well-being, such as exercise, food, or medication. Giving a dog too much exercise can lead to exhaustion or injury, while too little exercise can result in weight gain and a lack of mental stimulation. Similarly, providing a dog with too much food can lead to obesity and related health issues, whereas not giving them enough food can cause malnutrition and weakness. Therefore, it is generally better to err on the side of caution and provide dogs with a little less rather than too much.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Hip dysplasia is a result of
- A.
A congential disorder
- B.
A genetic disease
- C.
A nutritional imbalance
Correct Answer
B. A genetic diseaseExplanation
Hip dysplasia is a result of a genetic disease. This means that the condition is caused by an inherited genetic mutation or abnormality. It is not caused by a congenital disorder or a nutritional imbalance. Genetic diseases are characterized by abnormalities in the genes or chromosomes, which can affect the development and functioning of various parts of the body, including the hips. In the case of hip dysplasia, the genetic abnormality leads to an improper development of the hip joint, causing the bones to be misaligned and increasing the risk of hip dislocation and other complications.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Increased amounts of these nutrients can reduce joint inflammation and bone problems in susceptible dogs.
- A.
Vitamin C, Glucosamine
- B.
Vitamin D, Glucosamine
- C.
Calcium, Glucosamine
- D.
Phosphorous, Calcium
Correct Answer
A. Vitamin C, GlucosamineExplanation
Increased amounts of Vitamin C and Glucosamine can reduce joint inflammation and bone problems in susceptible dogs. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that helps to reduce inflammation and support collagen production, which is important for joint health. Glucosamine is a natural compound that helps to protect and repair cartilage in the joints. Together, these nutrients can help to improve joint function and reduce pain and inflammation in dogs with joint issues.Rate this question:
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- 16.
When considering the geriatric dog, too much of which nutrient is hardest on the kidneys?
- A.
Nitrogen
- B.
Calcium
- C.
Carbohydrates
- D.
Lipids
Correct Answer
A. NitrogenExplanation
Excessive intake of nitrogen, typically in the form of protein, can put strain on the kidneys in geriatric dogs. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products, including nitrogenous waste, from the blood. When there is an excess of nitrogen, the kidneys have to work harder to eliminate it, which can lead to kidney damage or dysfunction. Therefore, too much nitrogen in the diet can be hardest on the kidneys in geriatric dogs.Rate this question:
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- 17.
In dogs, food allergies are typically a reaction to the carbohydrate source in their diet.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Typically it is a reaction to the diet's primary protein.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Female dogs are more likely than male dogs to become obese.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Female dogs are more likely than male dogs to become obese because they have a higher risk of hormonal imbalances, such as hypothyroidism and estrogen imbalances, which can lead to weight gain. Additionally, female dogs are more prone to being spayed, which can cause a decrease in metabolism and increase the likelihood of obesity. Furthermore, female dogs tend to have a lower activity level compared to males, making them more susceptible to weight gain if their diet is not properly managed.Rate this question:
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- 19.
'Pendulouse abdomen' typically is seen because of:
- A.
Hyperadrenocorticism
- B.
Hypoadrenocorticism
- C.
Hypothyroidism
- D.
Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer
A. HyperadrenocorticismExplanation
Pendulous abdomen refers to a condition where the abdomen appears enlarged and hangs down due to excessive fat accumulation. This condition is commonly seen in cases of hyperadrenocorticism, also known as Cushing's disease. Hyperadrenocorticism is a hormonal disorder characterized by an excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal glands. The excess cortisol leads to weight gain, particularly in the abdominal area, causing the abdomen to appear pendulous. Hypoadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism do not typically cause pendulous abdomen.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Immunity problems, scaly, crusty, thickened skin is usually associted with:
- A.
Iodine
- B.
EFA deficiencies
- C.
Zinc
- D.
Protein deficiency
Correct Answer
C. ZincExplanation
Immunity problems, scaly, crusty, thickened skin is usually associated with zinc deficiency. Zinc is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in immune function and skin health. A deficiency in zinc can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and skin problems. Scaly, crusty, and thickened skin are common symptoms of zinc deficiency, as this mineral is necessary for proper skin cell growth and repair. Therefore, zinc deficiency can contribute to immune problems and skin issues.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Diet trials must be at least ________ long, correlating with the time it take for their skin to turnover.
- A.
3 months
- B.
24 weeks
- C.
5 months
Correct Answer
A. 3 monthsExplanation
Diet trials must be at least 3 months long because it takes around this time for the skin to turnover. The turnover of skin refers to the process of old skin cells shedding and new ones replacing them. By conducting diet trials for at least 3 months, researchers can observe the effects of the diet on the skin and determine its effectiveness.Rate this question:
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- 22.
If the kidneys are functioning properly while azotemia is present you would expect:
- A.
Increased BUN/CREA
- B.
Urine to be concentrated
- C.
Urine to be dilute
- D.
USG will be high
- E.
USG will be low
Correct Answer(s)
A. Increased BUN/CREA
B. Urine to be concentrated
D. USG will be highExplanation
If the kidneys are functioning properly while azotemia is present, it means that the kidneys are able to filter waste products from the blood, but there is still an abnormally high level of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. This would result in an increased BUN/CREA (Blood Urea Nitrogen/Creatinine) ratio, as these are indicators of kidney function. Additionally, since the kidneys are functioning properly, they would be able to concentrate the urine, leading to concentrated urine. A high urine specific gravity (USG) would also be expected, as this indicates concentrated urine.Rate this question:
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- 23.
When devising a diet for patient with liver/kidney function issues, the goal is to relieve or alleviate the organs.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When a patient has liver or kidney function issues, the goal of their diet is indeed to relieve or alleviate the organs. This is because these organs play a vital role in filtering and detoxifying the body, so a diet that supports their function can help reduce the workload on them and promote their healing. By following a proper diet, the patient can potentially improve their liver or kidney function and overall health. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately reflects this goal.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Matrix forming cells in the bone are called
- A.
Osteoblasts
- B.
Osteoclasts
- C.
Chondroblasts
- D.
Chondroclasts
- E.
Chondrocytes
Correct Answer
A. OsteoblastsExplanation
Osteoblasts are cells that are responsible for the formation and mineralization of bone. They produce and secrete the matrix of bone, which includes collagen and other proteins that provide the framework for bone formation. Osteoblasts also play a role in regulating the mineralization process by depositing calcium and other minerals onto the matrix. This process is essential for bone growth and remodeling. Osteoclasts, on the other hand, are cells that break down bone tissue, while chondroblasts and chondrocytes are involved in the formation and maintenance of cartilage. Therefore, the correct answer is Osteoblasts.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Matrix resorbing cells found in the cartilage are called
- A.
Osteoblasts
- B.
Osteoclasts
- C.
Chondroblasts
- D.
Chondroclasts
- E.
Chondrocytes
Correct Answer
D. ChondroclastsExplanation
Chondroclasts are matrix resorbing cells found in the cartilage. They are responsible for breaking down the matrix of the cartilage, allowing for remodeling and repair processes. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation, osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, chondroblasts are responsible for cartilage formation, and chondrocytes are mature cartilage cells. Therefore, the correct answer is Chondroclasts.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The largest problem in companion animal orthopedics is
- A.
Hip displasia
- B.
Osteoartheritis
- C.
Crepitus
Correct Answer
B. OsteoartheritisExplanation
Osteoarthritis is the correct answer because it is a common problem in companion animal orthopedics. Osteoarthritis refers to the degeneration of joints, causing pain, inflammation, and stiffness. It commonly affects older animals and can be caused by various factors such as genetics, obesity, or previous injuries. This condition significantly impacts the quality of life for companion animals, making it a major concern in orthopedic veterinary medicine.Rate this question:
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- 27.
While treating a dog for urolithiasis, the vet prescribes Hills S/D. The owner is so pleased with the results of the new diet, that they decide to switch to it as their dog's regular diet.
- A.
Yay! This owner is apparently loaded. There is no problem with this arrangement.
- B.
Uh, S/D isn't really designed for long term use.
Correct Answer
B. Uh, S/D isn't really designed for long term use.Explanation
S/D is a specialized diet prescribed for the treatment of urolithiasis, which is the formation of urinary stones. It is not meant to be used as a long-term regular diet for the dog. Switching to S/D as the regular diet may not provide all the necessary nutrients and balanced nutrition required for the dog's overall health and well-being. It is important to consult with the vet to determine the most suitable regular diet for the dog after the treatment of urolithiasis.Rate this question:
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