Na
Bachelor of Health Science, Masters of Occupational Therapy
- 1.
Changes in the substantia nigra that are frequently associated with Parkinson's Disease is
- A.
Characterised by the death of Acetylcholine neurons to widespread of the CNS
- B.
Characterised by the death of dopamingeric neurons in the pars compacta
- C.
Characterised by the death of adrenaline neurons in the substania nigra
Correct Answer
B. Characterised by the death of dopamingeric neurons in the pars compacta -
- 2.
Dorsal thalamic nuclei consist of which functions?
- A.
Regulate and direct flow of information to the cortex and extensive reciprocal connections are made with the cortex
- B.
Receives somatosensory input from the remainder of the body
- C.
Regulates thalamic responsiveness by sending inhibitory signals
Correct Answer
A. Regulate and direct flow of information to the cortex and extensive reciprocal connections are made with the cortex -
- 3.
Central medial nucleus is located lateral to the
- A.
Ventral posterolateral and ventral posteromedial
- B.
Dorsomedial and lateral posterior
- C.
Parafascicular
Correct Answer
C. Parafascicular -
- 4.
The central medial nucleus located inferior is
- A.
Dorsomedial and lateral posterior
- B.
Ventral posterolateral and ventral posteromedial
- C.
Para fascicular
Correct Answer
A. Dorsomedial and lateral posterior -
- 5.
Climbing fibers entering the cerebellum arise from the
Correct Answer
contralateral inferior olivary nucleus - 6.
Climbing fibers that ends directly from the cerebellum are the
Correct Answer
purjinke cells - 7.
The mamillothalamic tract connects the:
Correct Answer
mammillary body and the anterior thalamus
mammillary body and anterior thalamus
anterior thalamus and mammillary body - 8.
Pain elicited from an innocuous stimulus is
Correct Answer
Allodynia
allodynia - 9.
Which brainstem nuclei have a major role in control of pain?
- A.
Pontomidbrain grey matter (PGM), nucleus receptor magnus (NRM), and corpus callosum (CC)
- B.
Periaqueductal grey (PAG), nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and locus coeruleus (LC)
- C.
Periaquarter grey (PAG), nuclei raphe magnesium (NRM) and locus carpal (LC)
Correct Answer
B. Periaqueductal grey (PAG), nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and locus coeruleus (LC) -
- 10.
Which cranial nerves contribute to parasympathetic outflow?
- A.
Trigeminal, Abducent, Facial and Hypoglossal
- B.
Trigeminal, Abducent, Facial and Hypoglossal
- C.
Olfactory, Oculomotor, Glossopharyngeal and Vestibulocochlear
- D.
Oculomotor, Facial, Glossopharyngeal and Vagus
Correct Answer
D. Oculomotor, Facial, Glossopharyngeal and Vagus -
- 11.
Which cranial nerves has 3/4 parasympathetic efferents?
- A.
Vagus
- B.
Facial
- C.
Hypoglossal
- D.
Glossopharyngeal
Correct Answer
A. Vagus -
- 12.
The area of brain activated by fast pain fibers is
- A.
Primary motor cortex
- B.
Primary somatosensory
- C.
Primary Auditory
- D.
Primary Visual
Correct Answer
B. Primary somatosensory -
- 13.
In the brain, which direction activates fast pain?
- A.
Lateral thalamus to brain regions
- B.
Medial thalamus to brain regions
- C.
Inferior thalamus to brain regions
- D.
Superior thalamus to brain regions
- E.
Anterior thalamus to brain regions
Correct Answer
A. Lateral thalamus to brain regions -
- 14.
Which description best describes muscle spindles
- A.
Spindle-shaped receptors that are found at the functions between muscles and tendons.Sensory endings are interwoven among a collagenous network surrounded by a thin capsule. it provides information about the tension in a muscle.
- B.
Long and thin sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle. It contains intrafusal muscle fibers that are attached to extrafusal muscle fibers so that when the muscle is stretched, the intrafusal fibers are also stretched. it detects the changes of length in a muscle.
- C.
Sensory projections from receptors in skin, tendons and muscles that increase sensitivity to pain or to normally non-painful stimulation. It occurs at a site of injury or inflammation.
Correct Answer
B. Long and thin sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle. It contains intrafusal muscle fibers that are attached to extrafusal muscle fibers so that when the muscle is stretched, the intrafusal fibers are also stretched. it detects the changes of length in a muscle. -
- 15.
The majority of cerebrovascular accidents are due to
- A.
Reduced perfusion often due to thrombi or emboli
- B.
Reduced perfusion often due to thrombosis or embroil
- C.
Increased perfusion often due to thrombi or emboli
- D.
Increased perfusion often due to thrombosis or embroil
Correct Answer
A. Reduced perfusion often due to thrombi or emboli -
- 16.
Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located where?
- A.
White matter of the thoracic and lower lumbar segments of the spinal cord
- B.
White matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord
- C.
Grey matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord
- D.
Grey matter of the thoracic and lower lumbar segments of the spinal cord
Correct Answer
C. Grey matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord -
- 17.
Anxiety can often have what effect on reflex activity?
- A.
Decrease gama discharge which results in decreased reflex response
- B.
Decrease gama discharge which results in increased reflex response
- C.
Increased gama discharge which results in decreased reflex response
- D.
Increased gama discharge which results in increased reflex response
Correct Answer
D. Increased gama discharge which results in increased reflex response -
- 18.
A simple stretch reflex involves which fibers?
- A.
Extrafusal and Intrafusal fibers
- B.
Dynamic nuclear bag fibers
- C.
Nuclear chain fibers
- D.
Primary and secondary fibers
Correct Answer
A. Extrafusal and Intrafusal fibers -
- 19.
Small increases in internal distance within a myelin sheath results in what changes in neurotransmission?
- A.
There would not be a change in conduction, but an increase in Schwann cells
- B.
There would not be a change in conduction, but a decrease in Schwann cells
- C.
There would be a change in conduction and an increase in Schwann cells
- D.
There would be a change in conduction and a decrease in Schwann cells
Correct Answer
A. There would not be a change in conduction, but an increase in Schwann cells -
- 20.
Which description best describes a single motor unit?
- A.
A motor neuron is a nerve cell that originates in the motor region of the cerebellum and the brain stem
- B.
Motor neurons are afferent fibers that carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement.
- C.
A motor neuron is a nerve cell that originates in the motor region of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
- D.
Motor neurons are efferent fibers that carry signals from the spinal to the muscles to produce movement
Correct Answer
D. Motor neurons are efferent fibers that carry signals from the spinal to the muscles to produce movement -
- 21.
A single motor unit...
- A.
Can be classified into primary motor neurons, somatic motor neurons and general visceral motor neurons
- B.
Can be classified into somatic motor neurons, special visceral neurons and general visceral motor neurons.
- C.
Can be classified into somatic motor neurons, primary motor neurons and visceral motor neurons
- D.
Option 4
Correct Answer
B. Can be classified into somatic motor neurons, special visceral neurons and general visceral motor neurons. -
- 22.
When a single motor unit is stimulated, what will occur?
- A.
A motor neuron will release excitatory neurotransmitters which bind to postsynaptic receptors and trigger responses in the muscle fiber which leads to movement
- B.
A motor neuron will release inhibitory neurotransmitters which bind to postsynaptic receptors and trigger responses in the muscle fiber which leads to movement
- C.
A motor neuron will release excitatory neurotransmitters which bind to presynaptic receptors and trigger responses in the muscle fiber which leads to movement
- D.
A motor neuron will release inhibitory neurotransmitters which bind to presynaptic receptors and trigger responses in the muscle fiber which leads to movement
Correct Answer
A. A motor neuron will release excitatory neurotransmitters which bind to postsynaptic receptors and trigger responses in the muscle fiber which leads to movement -
- 23.
The nerve fiber with the largest axon diameter is
- A.
Group A Fibre I
- B.
Group B Fibre II
- C.
Group C Fibre III
- D.
Group D Fibre V
Correct Answer
A. Group A Fibre I -
- 24.
The nerve fiber with the smallest axon diameter is
- A.
Group A Fibre I
- B.
Group B Fibre II
- C.
Group C fibre III
Correct Answer
C. Group C fibre III -
- 25.
The fibers with the fastest conduction velocity are
- A.
Group A Fiber I
- B.
Group B Fiber II
- C.
Group C Fiber III
- D.
Group D Fiber V
Correct Answer
A. Group A Fiber I -
- 26.
The fibers with the slowest conduction velocity are
- A.
Group A Fiber I
- B.
Group B Fiber II
- C.
Group C Fiber III
- D.
Group D Fiber V
Correct Answer
C. Group C Fiber III -
- 27.
the layer of connective tissue continuous with the dura at the exit of a spinal nerve is?
- A.
Dura
- B.
Pia
- C.
Arachnoid
- D.
Subarachnoid
Correct Answer
C. Arachnoid -
- 28.
Pain and temperature/tactile information is predominantly carried by what pathway?
- A.
Spinothalamic tract
- B.
Lateral corticospinal tract
- C.
Posterior columns
Correct Answer
A. Spinothalamic tract -
- 29.
Nociceptor terminals are predominantly located where?
- A.
Superficial anterior horn
- B.
Superficial lateral horn
- C.
Superficial dorsal horn
Correct Answer
C. Superficial dorsal horn -
- 30.
What are the golgi tendon organs functions and features?
- A.
Spindle-shaped receptors, sensory endings are interwoven, provides information about the tension in a muscle
- B.
Spindle-shaped receptors, sensory endings are not interconnected, provides information about the movement of muscles
- C.
Spindle-shaped receptors, sensory endings are interwoven, provides information about the elasticity of a muscle
Correct Answer
A. Spindle-shaped receptors, sensory endings are interwoven, provides information about the tension in a muscle -
- 31.
The sympathetic-effector junction (sympathetic ending at target organ) uses which neurotransmitter?
- A.
Acetylcholine
- B.
Noradrenaline
- C.
Serotonin
Correct Answer
B. Noradrenaline -
- 32.
Which neurotransmitter functions the caudate and putamen?
- A.
Noradrenaline
- B.
Acetylcholine
- C.
Seretonin
- D.
Dopamine
Correct Answer
D. Dopamine -
- 33.
Which neurotransmitter targets the interneurons of the cerebral pyramidal cells?
- A.
Seretonin
- B.
Glutamate
- C.
Nonadrenaline
- D.
GABA
Correct Answer
B. Glutamate -
- 34.
The axon hillock is part of a cell body of a neuron that connects to the axon. It contains which of the following potentials?
- A.
Inhibitory and excitatory presynaptic
- B.
Inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic
- C.
Excitatory postsynaptic
- D.
Inhibitory presynaptic
Correct Answer
B. Inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic -
- 35.
Which of the following descriptions best describes graded membrane potentials?
- A.
They allow a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of molecular devices embedded in the membrane.
- B.
They arise from the summation of the individual actions of ligand-gated ion channel proteins, and increase over time and space. They typically involve voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels.
- C.
They occur at the presynaptic dendrite as a result of postsynaptic neuron firing. The magnitude of a graded potential is determined by the strength of a stimulus.
Correct Answer
A. They allow a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of molecular devices embedded in the membrane. -
- 36.
Functions associated with the Cerebrocerebellum region in include:
- A.
Planning of movement and non-motor functions (cognition/emotion)
- B.
Muscle tone and muscle reponses (mostly flocculonodular lobe)
- C.
Planning of movement (mostly posterior lobe)
- D.
Posture and movement of limbs/trunk (mostly anterior lobe)
Correct Answer
C. Planning of movement (mostly posterior lobe) -
- 37.
What are the functions associated with the anterior, posterior and flocculocodular lobes?
- A.
Ant - Controls limb and trunk movement, Post - Controls limb/trunk movement, involved in planning movement and non-motor functions (cognition and emotion) Floc - Balance and controlling head and eye movements
- B.
Ant - Controls limb and trunk movement (muscle regulation), Post - Movement of limbs/trunk and posture, Floc - Muscle tone and muscle responses
- C.
Ant - Movement of limbs/trunk and posture, Post - Movement of limbs/trunk and posture, Floc - Balance and controlling head and eye movements
Correct Answer
A. Ant - Controls limb and trunk movement, Post - Controls limb/trunk movement, involved in planning movement and non-motor functions (cognition and emotion) Floc - Balance and controlling head and eye movements -
- 38.
Which functions associated with the cerebellar regions are linked with the lobes?
- A.
Spinocerebellum region is mostly anterior lobe, Cerebrocerebellum region is mostly posterior lobe, Vestibulocerebellum region is mostly flocculocodular lobe.
- B.
Spinocerebellum region is mostly lateral lobe, Cerebrocerebellumm region is mostly posterior lobe, Vestibulocerebellum region is mostly flocculocodular lobe
- C.
Spinocerebellum region is mostly paravermal lobe, cerebrocerebellum region is mostly superior lobe, Vestibulocerebellum is mostly middle lobe
Correct Answer
A. Spinocerebellum region is mostly anterior lobe, Cerebrocerebellum region is mostly posterior lobe, Vestibulocerebellum region is mostly flocculocodular lobe. -
- 39.
Which of the following functions are associated with planning go movement and non-motor functions (cognition and emotion)?
- A.
Paravermal zone
- B.
Vermal zone
- C.
Lateral zone
- D.
Anterior zone
Correct Answer
B. Vermal zone -
- 40.
The nucleus receives input predominantly from the?
Correct Answer
Purjinke cells of the vermis
purjinke cells of the vermis
Purjinke cells
purjinke cells - 41.
The cerebral peduncle with the clear majority of it's fibers bringing information into/out from the cerebellum is the?
Correct Answer
Middle cerebellar peduncle
middle cerebellar peduncle - 42.
Increased pressure within the posterior cranial fossa is likely to result in herniation of?
Correct Answer
The cerebellar tonsils
Cerebellar tonsils
cerebellar tonsils - 43.
The visual function receives input from the?
- A.
Medial geniculate body
- B.
Lateral geniculate body
- C.
Inferior geniculate body
- D.
Superior geniculate body
Correct Answer
B. Lateral geniculate body -
- 44.
Which of the following are all interneurons?
- A.
Non-pyramidal, Stellate, Golgi, Purjinke, Basket
- B.
Basket, Granule, Golgi, Stellate, Non-pyramidal
- C.
Stellate, Fibrous, Basketal, Golgan, Pyramidal
- D.
Pyramidal, Purjinke, Granule, GABA, Glutamate
Correct Answer
B. Basket, Granule, Golgi, Stellate, Non-pyramidal -
- 45.
Which of the following are clinical features that is characterized by Parkinson's Disease?
- A.
Mask like face
- B.
Partial or complete loss of central vision
- C.
Tremor in hands and fingers
- D.
Tingling or pain in parts of the body
- E.
Characteristic gait/posture
- F.
Slowed movement (bradkinesia)
- G.
Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs
- H.
Rigid muscles (muscle stiffness)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Mask like face
C. Tremor in hands and fingers
E. Characteristic gait/posture
F. Slowed movement (bradkinesia)
H. Rigid muscles (muscle stiffness) -
- 46.
Purjinke cells and Pyramidal cells are both input neurons true or false?
- A.
True
- B.
False (Purjinke cells and Pyramidal cells are both OUTPUT neurons.
Correct Answer
B. False (Purjinke cells and Pyramidal cells are both OUTPUT neurons. -
- 47.
Schwann cells (quotation) functions:
Correct Answer
Schwann cells myelinate axons (help influence conduction) and hold multiple axons together. They contribute to the maintenance of extracellular chemical balance and are involved in some metabolic processes together with neurons. - 48.
Schwann cells provide axonal repair mechanisms to help guide regeneration of axons. Following damage, they become phagocytic to help clear debris. True or False?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 49.
Fibrous astrocytes are found in:
Correct Answer
White matter
white matter - 50.
The greatest role of immune function is present in which Glia of the CNS?
- A.
Ependymal cells
- B.
Astrocytes
- C.
Oligodendrocytes
- D.
Microglial cells
Correct Answer
D. Microglial cells -
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Jun 18, 2014Quiz Edited by
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