Epi

Sex

Genetic predisposition

Ethnic origin

Age

person-to-person spread

droplet spread

vector spread

airborne spread

determine the case count

calculate the incubation period

determine the population at risk

verify the diagnosis

they are valuable in studying relatively rare diseases

they are economical with regard to time and money

they can be readily done in hospital

they are particularly useful in studies of the etiology of disease with high sudden death rates

infant death rate

communicate disease mortality rate

communicable disease case-fatality rate

age-specified death rate of persons over 50 years of age

A) high serum cholesterol

B) uncontrolled election in blood pressure

C) lack of daily vigorous exercise

D) cigarette smoking

A) establish causation

B) evaluate the impact of treatment

C) prevent the spread of diseases

D) all of the above

A) J. Graunt

B) J. Snow

C) Hippocates

D) H. Doll

A) group expressed of an illness

B) explanation of why periodic outbreaks of certain diseases occur

C) a unique combination of events resulting in disease

D) determination of the frequency with which disease occurs

A) primary prevention

B) secondary prevention

C) tertiary prevention

D) primary and secondary prevention

Type of cancer

B) emerging infection diseases

C) environmental disease

D) birth defect

A) number of cases of disease in a defined population

B) number of a new cases of a disease in a defined population

C) part of a population susceptible to a disease

D) non of the above

A) duration and severity of a disease

B) ethnicity

C) better facukutues fr patients

D) climatic changes

A) depended on incidence rates and disease duration

B) the number of new events that occur in a defined time period in a population at risk

C) influenced by the duration of a disease

D) a measure of a severity of a disease

A) predict the risk of dying if disease in contracted

B) is a summary rate for entire population

C) measure the rate of illness

D) can be compared in different populations

A) a type of an observational study

B) a simple description of the health status of a community

C) based on a routinely available data

D) an epidemiological experiment

A) a measure of an occurrence of a disease

B) a measure of a persistence of the long term consequences of a disease

C) useful for investigating diseases with high case-facility

D) based on a mortality date

A) a tendency to produce results that differ in a systematic manner from the true population value

B) a difference of a observation on a sample from the true population value

C) an acceptable chance of missing a real effect

D) a systematic difference between the characteristics of the people selected for a study and those who are not

A) is always a single factor

B) never precede a disease

C) is a combination of factors leading to a disease

D) all of the above

A) repeated exposure, hard work

B) age, sex, previous illnesses

C) low income, poor nutrition, bag housing

D) exposure to a specific agent

A) is a process of determining if association is likely to be casual

B) means that the cause must precede the effect

C) means that an association is consistent with other knowledge

D) is when several studies give the same result

A) etiologic agent

B) risk factors

C) portal of entry

D) transmission

A) large number of cases

B) most important health problem in all countries

C) occurrence in a community or region of a number of cases that is unusually large for a given place and time

D) almost nonexistent in animal world

A) diagnosis

B) treatment

C) natural history and prognosis

D) curing

A) reduction of air pollution

B) use of condom in the prevention of HIV infection

C) screening for cervical cancer

D) changing of dietary habit on the population scale