What Do You Know About The Chemistry Of Life?

Explanation
An atom is the smallest particle of a substance that still retains the properties of that substance. Atoms are the building blocks of matter and are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. They cannot be broken down further without losing their chemical properties. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons are neutral particles found in the nucleus, and protons are positively charged particles also found in the nucleus. DNA, on the other hand, is a molecule that carries genetic information and is not the smallest particle of a substance.

Explanation
The nucleus is not part of the three subatomic particles that compose atoms. The three particles are electrons, protons, and neutrons. The nucleus is the central part of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons, while the electrons orbit around the nucleus.

Explanation
An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms. Each enzyme is specific to a particular reaction or a group of closely related reactions. Therefore, a particular enzyme can catalyze only one type of reaction. Hence, the correct answer is 1.

Explanation
Carbon readily bonds to itself, forming long chains and ringed structures due to its unique ability to form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. This property is known as catenation. Carbon atoms can form multiple bonds with each other, allowing for the creation of complex and diverse organic compounds. This ability is the basis for the vast array of carbon-based molecules found in living organisms and is essential for the formation of organic compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Explanation
Glucose belongs to the group of organic compounds known as carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are a class of biomolecules that serve as a major source of energy for living organisms. Glucose is a monosaccharide, a simple sugar, and is one of the primary sources of energy in the body. It is commonly found in foods such as fruits, vegetables, and grains. Additionally, glucose plays a crucial role in cellular respiration, where it is broken down to release energy. Therefore, the correct answer is carbohydrates.

Explanation
Enzymes are a type of protein. Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids, and they play a crucial role in various biological processes. Enzymes, specifically, are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They have a specific three-dimensional structure that allows them to bind to certain molecules and facilitate the conversion of substrates into products. Due to their protein nature, enzymes belong to the group of organic compounds known as proteins.

Explanation
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids. They are composed of a sugar molecule (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine). These nucleotides link together through phosphodiester bonds to form the backbone of DNA and RNA molecules. The sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid determines the genetic information encoded within it. Therefore, nucleotides play a crucial role in the structure and function of nucleic acids, making them the correct answer.

Explanation
Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). They are linked together through peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold and interact to form the three-dimensional structure of a protein. Hydrogen and carbon are elements that are present in amino acids, but they alone do not make up the building blocks of protein. Nucleotides, on the other hand, are the building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, not proteins.

Explanation
Water being a liquid is not a reason why it is essential for life on Earth. The fact that water is a liquid is important for life as it allows for various chemical reactions to occur, facilitates transport of nutrients and waste products, and provides a medium for organisms to live in. However, the other three options - water being a universal solvent, cohesive, and stabilizing temperature - are all crucial reasons why water is essential for life on Earth.

Explanation
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions within cells. They do this by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes are highly specific and only catalyze specific reactions. They can be involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including metabolism, DNA replication, and protein synthesis. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, while isomerases and ligases are types of enzymes that catalyze specific reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is enzymes.