A code set is established
A word is created
An octet is formed
Nothing
2
4
8
16
Bit
Word
Octet
Letter
Electric Industries Alliance (EIA)
Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
568A
569A
570A
606A
E-carrier
Structured query language
International Organization for Standardization
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT)
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
International Telecommunication Union Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
T
V
X
Z
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
25
50
100
200
RS-232-C
RS-423
RS-485
RS-530
20 kilobits per second (Kbps) to 200 Kbps
20 Kbps to 2 megabits per second (Mbps)
20 Kbps to 20 Mbps
20 Kbps to 22 Mbps
High Level Data Link Control (HDLC) and Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC)
Data Communications Equipment (DCE) and Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)
Electronics Industries Alliance (EIA) RS-232 and RS-530
Application
Session
Presentation
Transport
Application
Session
Presentation
Transport
Layer above
Layer below
Lowest layer
Peer layer
Frame
Packet
Segment
Datagram
Character-oriented
Bit-oriented
Routing
Network
SEQ
SYN
STX
EST
Character-orientd
Bit-oriented
Routing
Network
Asynchronous protocol
Binary synchronous protocol
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
High Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
MAN
LAN
WAN
VPN
LAN
WAN
VPN
MAN
LAN
WAN
VPN
MAN
LAN
WAN
VPN
MAN
Intranet
Extranet
Peer-to-Peer
Client-server
IP
ARP
RARP
ICMP
IP
ARP
RARP
ICMP
IP
ARP
RARP
ICMP
IP
UDP
TCP
ICMP
FTP
TFTP
SMTP
HTTP
FTP
TFTP
SMTP
HTTP
Teletype Network
TFTP
SMTP
HTTP
DHCP
TFTP
SMTP
HTTP
DHCP
NTP
FTP
Ping
IPv4 address
IPv6 address
Static IP address
MAC address
Network and host
Network and class
Class and host
Network and octet
Subnet host
Subnet network
Subnet mask
Host mask
Three
Five
Seven
Nine
Three
Five
Seven
Nine
Start with the shortest mask
Re-address the entire network
Aim to use contiguous subnets where possible
Choose one or more available subnets and subnet further
Auto-sense
Auto negotiation
Auto configuration
Auto summarization
Translation
Tunneling
Dual Stack
Auto configuration
6to4
Teredo
Tunnel Broker
Intea-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)
Teredo host-specific relay
Teredo client
Teredo server
Teredo agent
Transceiver
Repeater
Router
Hub
Bridge
Router
Gateway
Network Interface Card (NIC)
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