1.
Who gave the idea of a "Culture of poverty"?
Correct Answer
D. Oscar Lewis
Explanation
Oscar Lewis is the correct answer because he was the sociologist who introduced the concept of a "Culture of poverty." He argued that poverty is not just a result of economic factors, but also a result of a distinct set of cultural values and behaviors that perpetuate poverty across generations. Lewis believed that individuals growing up in poverty develop a specific mindset and way of life that hinders their ability to escape poverty. His work has been influential in understanding the complex dynamics of poverty and has sparked debates about the role of culture in perpetuating poverty.
2.
How could poverty affect a child?
Correct Answer
B. They are less likely to perform well on school
Explanation
Poverty can have a significant impact on a child's education. Limited financial resources often mean that children from low-income families lack access to quality education, including resources like books, technology, and extracurricular activities. They may also face challenges such as inadequate nutrition, unstable living conditions, and limited parental support, all of which can negatively affect their academic performance. Research consistently shows that children living in poverty are more likely to struggle in school, have lower test scores, and are at a higher risk of dropping out compared to their peers from more affluent backgrounds.
3.
How can poverty affect an individual's life chances?
Correct Answer
A. Their future opportunities are limited
Explanation
Poverty can significantly impact an individual's life chances by limiting their future opportunities. When individuals lack access to basic resources and opportunities, such as education, healthcare, and job opportunities, it becomes difficult for them to improve their circumstances and achieve upward mobility. This can perpetuate a cycle of poverty, as limited opportunities make it challenging to escape poverty and improve one's quality of life.
4.
The thesis where the working class becomes middle class is known as what?
Correct Answer
B. Embourgeoisement
Explanation
Embourgeoisement refers to the process where the working class gradually moves up the social ladder and adopts middle-class values and lifestyle. This thesis suggests that as society develops and industrializes, the working class experiences upward social mobility, acquiring higher incomes, education, and consumption patterns similar to the middle class. This concept challenges the traditional Marxist view of class struggle and predicts a convergence of the working and middle classes.
5.
What does affluence leads to?
Correct Answer
D. Privatised lifestyles
Explanation
Affluence leads to privatised lifestyles because when individuals have a high level of wealth and financial resources, they are able to afford and enjoy a greater degree of privacy and exclusivity in their lives. This can include living in gated communities or luxury neighborhoods, owning private properties or estates, and having access to exclusive clubs, services, and amenities that are not readily available to the general public. Affluence allows individuals to create a more secluded and personalized lifestyle, away from the masses and with a higher level of control and privacy.
6.
Which of the following is the result of the culture of poverty?
Correct Answer
C. People tend to borrow more money
Explanation
The culture of poverty can lead to a tendency for people to borrow more money. This is because individuals living in poverty often face limited financial resources and struggle to meet their basic needs. As a result, they may turn to borrowing money as a means of survival or to fulfill their immediate needs. This cycle of borrowing can perpetuate poverty and create a dependency on loans, making it difficult for individuals to escape poverty in the long run.
7.
Which of the following is the first point in the cycle of deprivation?
Correct Answer
A. Born into poverty
Explanation
The first point in the cycle of deprivation is being born into poverty. This means that individuals who are born into families living in poverty are more likely to experience ongoing poverty throughout their lives. This can be due to limited access to education, healthcare, and other resources that are necessary for upward mobility. Being born into poverty sets the stage for a cycle where individuals may struggle to escape poverty and may pass it on to future generations.
8.
What does one mean by material deprivation?
Correct Answer
C. People having insufficient money for goods and services
Explanation
Material deprivation refers to the lack of financial resources necessary to meet basic needs and access essential goods and services. It implies that individuals or households do not have enough money to purchase the items and services required for a decent standard of living. This can include necessities such as food, clothing, housing, healthcare, education, and transportation. Material deprivation is a measure of poverty that highlights the economic hardship faced by individuals or households who are unable to afford the essential resources needed for a satisfactory quality of life.
9.
When was the culture of poverty first identified?
Correct Answer
A. 1960
Explanation
The culture of poverty was first identified in 1960. This concept was introduced by sociologist Oscar Lewis, who argued that poverty is not only a result of economic factors but also a result of a specific set of attitudes, values, and behaviors that are passed down from one generation to another. Lewis believed that individuals living in poverty develop a unique culture characterized by a sense of helplessness, fatalism, and a lack of motivation to improve their situation. This theory sparked a significant debate among scholars and policymakers regarding the causes and solutions for poverty.
10.
High enough money to maintain a normal standard of living is called as what?
Correct Answer
C. Living Wage
Explanation
A living wage refers to the amount of money that is sufficient to maintain a normal standard of living. It is the minimum income required for an individual or a family to meet their basic needs, such as food, housing, healthcare, and education. Unlike a bonus or a regressive tax, a living wage focuses on ensuring that individuals have enough income to cover their essential expenses and have a decent quality of life. Therefore, the correct answer is Living Wage.