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Cards In This Set
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What is the job of nucleic acids?
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To store & transmit hereditary info.
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What is the structure of a nucleic acid?
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A nucleic acid, structurally, is a chain of nucleotides that consists of a pentose, a phosphate group, & a nitrogenous base. (PENTOSE = SUGAR, a PHOSPHATE GROUP = a molecule in the backbone of DNA & RNA that links adjoining bases together, & A NITROGENOUS BASE = a molecule found in DNA & RNA that encodes the genetic info. in cells.)
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Name the nitrogenous bases & where they're found:
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Adenine, Thymine, Guarine, Cytosine, and Uricil; *Atenine, Cytosine, & Guanine are found in both DNA & RNA. *Thyamine is unique to DNA and *Uricil is unique to RNA.
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The DNA double-helix complex is able to form bc:
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Weak bonds are able to form bw the hydrogen atoms and oxygen or nitrogen atoms bw bases in the complementary strands of DNA. (THIS IS A HYDROGEN BOND BC 1 PARTNER IN THE BOND IS ALWAYS HYDROGEN.)
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Adenine & Guarine are not paired together but they are both vertically on the left side and they have 2 rings. Therefore they are classified as:
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PURINES
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Thyamine & Cytosine are not paired but they are both listed vertically on the right side of a DNA double-helix and they only have 1 ring so they are classified as:
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PYRIMIDINES
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In RNA the pyrimidine base of ----- is used instead of the thyamine base found in DNA.
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Uracil
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What are the differences in the 2 nucleic acids DNA & RNA?
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**In DNA adenine & guarine are purines & Thyamine & Cytosine are pyrimidines**In RNA, the pyrimidine base of Uricil is used instead of the Thyamine base found in DNA. 2.Unlike the double-helix structure of DNA, For the most part, RNA exists as a single stranded string of nucleotides. 3. Their pentose component is also different. In DNA it is deoxyribose & in RNA it is Ribose. **If DNA is the genetic blueprint of the cell then RNA CAN BE THOUGHT OF AS THE MESSENGER W/IN THE CELL.**
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Describe the process of TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION in protein production:
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The message stored in the bases of DNA must be transferred to the ribosomes to make proteins. So, cells copy the instructions in the DNA to RNA (transcription) & send the messenger RNA to the ribosomes. Then proteins are made by ribosomes from the info & sent out to the entire cell. **THIS PROCESS OF PROTEIN PRODUCTION FROM MESSENGER RNA IS CALLED TRANSLATION. (DNA, RNA, &ribosomes work hand in hand to produce the proteins necessary for life in cells.
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------- is the messenger bw DNA & PROTEIN PRODUCTION
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RNA
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------- IS UNIQUE TO DNA & --------IS UNIQUE TO RNA
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THYMINE=DNA URACIL=RNA
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--------HAVE THE MOST BASIC TYPES OF CELLS THAT CAN EXIST INDEPENDANTLY OF OTHER CELLS.
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BACTERIA
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THE MOST BASIC TYPES OF CELLS (LIKE BACTERIA) THAT CAN EXIST INDEPENDANTLY OF OTHER CELLS ARE CALLED:
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PROKARYOTIC
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PROKARYOTIC CELLS CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING PARTS & ORGANELLES IN ITS OUTSIDE LAYER:
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-an outside rigid layer called the CELL WALL :helps seperate inside & outside of the cell & an inside PLASMA MEMBRANE that is semi-permeable, allowing certain substances in & out of the cell as needed.
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THE INNER LAYER OF THE PROKARYOTIC CELLS CONSIST OF:
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-AN INNER LAYER called the CYTOPLASM is a rich protein fluid w/ gel-like consistency that houses ORGANELLES, or "tiny organs" . The NUCLEOID is the condensed DNA of the cell. It contains genes & the genetic blueprints for formation of proteins that make up the machinery of the cell. PLASMIDS, small, circular portions of DNA, not associated w/ the nucleoid; & RIBOSOMES manufacture proteins for cell from RNA messages.
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