Pre Lab 9 and 10- Respiratory System/ Urinary System

The physiology and histology of the respiratory system and the urinary system

36 cards   |   Total Attempts: 182
  

Related Flashcards

Anatomy Lab 11 Lymphatic And Respiratory Systems
A&p Urinary System
Anatomy: Urinary System

Related Topics

Blood Flashcards
Blood
Circulatory System Flashcards
Circulatory System
Physiology Flashcards
Physiology
Immune System Flashcards
Immune System

Cards In This Set

Front Back
What type of epithelium lines the lumen of the trachea?
Pseudostratified epithelium
What are the two modifications of the epithelium (pseduostratified)?
Cilia and Goblet Cells
What moves dust and mucus away from lungs?
Cilia
What produces mucus?
Goblet Cells
What is the effect of cigarette smoking on the cilia?
Cigarette smoking inhibits and destroys the ciliary action
Is there a deficiency in the hyaline cartilage of the tracheal rings?
Yes
What is the functional reason for this deficiency in the hyaline cartilage of the tracheal rings?
To allow easy passage of food in the esophagus
What characteristics make alveoli ideal for gas exchange?
Single layer of epithelial cells on the wall of the alveoli, and large surface area for diffusion of gases
Made of simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli on one side (alveolar wall) and simple squamous epithelium (endothelium) of the capillary on the other side (capillary wall) and a fused basement membrane of the two in the middle.
The respiratory membrane
  1. What is the driving force that moves oxygen from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillary blood?
Oxygen diffuses down its pressure gradient, from a higher partial pressure region in the alveoli to lower partial pressure region in the pulmonary capillary.
  1. Activation of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles begins the inspiratory process. What results from the contraction of these muscles and how is this accomplished?
There is a resultant increase in the thoracic volume from the contractions of the muscles. When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens out and increases the superior- inferior dimension and when the external intercostals contract, it raises the rib cage and increases the anterior-posterior and lateral dimensions.
  1. At the end of a normal inspiration the diaphragm relaxes and the ribs return to their pre-inspiratory position. What is the result of these muscular changes in terms of thoracic volume and pressure?
The thoracic volume decreases and the pressure increases.
  1. The presence of a partial vacuum between the plural membranes is integral to normal
breathing movements. What happens if an opening is made into the chest cavity, as with a puncture wound? How is this condition treated medically?
The partial vaccum created in the pleural space is destroyed and the lung on the damaged side collapses. This is treated by inserting a chest tube and removing the air and closing off the wound.
Maximum volume of air that can be expired after a tidal expiration.
Expiratory reserve volume, 1200 ml
Volume of air corresponding to TV + IRV + ERV
Vital capacity 4800 ml