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Cards In This Set
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Neoplasia
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Disease of cell growth, division, and differentiation
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Benign (non-cancerous tumors)
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Have localized, clear margins (encapsulated), non-invasive, slow growing, well-differentiated
-May be functional as glandular tissue, but is not under control of normal cells |
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Malignant
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Rapid growth, no clear margins (invasive)
Aneuploidy (abnormal number of chromosomes), uncontrolled cellular multiplication, lytic enzymes -Decreased cell adhesion, increased motility (metastatic) -Angiogensis (abnormal vessels) |
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Can brain cancer cells metastasize?
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No. They isn't any lymph nodes to travel into.
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What is the process of cell invasion?
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Attachment
*Cell adheres to basement membrane. Breaks loose from neighboring cells (no gap junctions) Degradation *Begins to break down the basement membrane Migration *Cells invade basement membrane, breaking through it *Can be attacked/destroyed by immune system if alone or with few accompanying cells; if many cells undergo these steps, it is unlikely that immune response will be enough to stop it. |
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What kind of cancer is carcinoma?
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Epithelial
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What kind of cancer is sarcoma?
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CT or muscle
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What kind of cancer is glioma?
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Glial cells (nervous system)
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What kind of cancer is neuroblastoma?
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Neurons
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What kind of cancer is lymphonia?
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Lymphocytes
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What kind of cancer is leukemia?
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Any or all WBCs
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Epigenetic modifications
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Refers to modications made on top of the chromosomal structure.
DNA is correct; added or subtracted chemical radials [phosphate and methyl groups] that turn off or turn on copying of certain stretches of DNA |
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P53 protein
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"Guardian of the genome"
-Proofreads DNA strand prior to mitosis to make sure DNA is copied correctly -if p53 isn't working correctly, more mutations will accumulate as DNA is copied *Errors in p53 show up in about 50% of all cancers; seen more frequently with terminal cancers |
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Telomerase activation causes...
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....a prevention of normal shortening of telomeres at end of chromosomes
-Telomeres are the bits of DNA at the end of chromosomes that keep DNA from being lost during copying. They shorten with every copying, limiting how many times a cell can divide. If telomerase is activated, protein telomerease will be made, which prevents the normal shortening of telomeres. This allows for an infinite number of divisions. |
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Substition mutation
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Substiting one nucleotide for another.
Less severe, changes amino acid that goes into a protein. |
