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Cards In This Set
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Functions of the Respiratory System
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Ventilation: movement of air into and out of lungsExternal respiration: gas exchange between lungs and bloodInternal respiration: gas exchange between blood and tissuesRegulation of pH: altered by changing blood CO2 levelsProduction of chemical mediators: ACE produced in lungs, regulates ATPVoice production: Air past vocal areasOlfaction: Airborne moleculesProtection: Prevents entry of MOs and removes MOs from surfaces
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Upper Tract of Respiratory System
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Nose, pharynx, associated structures
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Lower Tract of Respiratory System
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Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs
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Choana
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In nasal cavityOpening to pharynx
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Hard Palate
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Floor of nasal cavity
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Nasal Septum
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Partition dividing cavity
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Sinuses
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Cavities in bone. Decrease skull weight to make life easier. Allow for voice resonation.
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Functions of Nasal Cavity
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Cleans, humidifies, warms airHairs trap dust, mucus traps debris, cilia sweeps mucus away to be eliminated by digestionOlfaction Resonation chambers for speech
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Pharynx: Common opening for digestion & respiration: 3 Segments
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Nasopharynx: pseudostratified columnar epithelium (w goblet cells)Oropharynx: lined with moist stratified squamous epitheliumLaryngopharynx: Epiglottis to esophagus (also lined w moist stratified squamous epithelium)
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Unpaired Cartileges of the Larynx
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Thyroid Cartilege: biggest (Adam's Apple)Cricoid Cartilege: base of larynxEpiglottis: attached to thyroid via flap at base of tongue** thyroid and cricoid maintain open airway
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Ligaments of the Larynx
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Vestibular FoldsTrue Vocal Folds (opening between glottis)
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Functions of Larynx
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Maintain open airway (thyroid & cricoid cartileges)Prevent swallowed stuff from entering lungs (epiglottis & vestibular folds)Vocal folds are primary source of sound production
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Mucociliary Escalator
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Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium traps debris and goblet cells produce mucus; cilia push mucus away so that it can be eliminated
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Carina
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Cartilege at bifurcation of trachea; very sensitive epithelium which initiates cough reflex
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Cells of the Respiratory Membrane (3)
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Type I Pneumocytes: v thin, for gas exchangeType II Pneumocytes: produce surfactant"Dust Cells": are macrophages
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