Non-Vascular Plants (Unit 4)

Bio 211: Unit 4 

30 cards   |   Total Attempts: 182
  

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What are the phyla of Non-vascular plants (3)?
  • Also known as the Bryophytes
  1. Anthocerophyta=the hornworts
  2. Hepaticophyta=the liverworts
  3. Bryophyta=the mosses
Why are they called non-vascular?
Not efficient at internal transport of water and nutrients
What many species of non-vascular plants are there?
~19,000---Most are mosses
What are the given names for the multicellular gametangia of non-vascular plants?
  • Sperm=Antheridia
  • Eggs=Archegonia
What does the zygote develop into in non-vascular plants?
A multicellular embryo inside the archegonium
Where are non-vascular plants found?
  • Damp, shady environments
  • Few are aquatic
  • Some live in dry habitats--not because they can transport water (they can't, hence non-vascular) but they can tolerate desiccation or lack of water
Life cycle of non-vascular plants:
  • Oogamous (large non-motile egg and a smaller motile sperm)
  • Heteromorphic alternation of generations
  • Gametes produced by mitosis
  • Gametophyte (1N-haploid) is dominant
What does it mean to be the “dominant phase” of the life cycle? (3)
  • Longer-lived
  • Typically larger
  • Nutritionally independent
Phylum Anthocerophyta
  • Example?
  • Common? Size?
Answer 9
  • Hornworts
  • Not very common, diverse or large
Phylum Hapticophyta
  • Example?
  • Nutrition?
  • Habitat?
  • Liverworts (Thalloid and leafy)
  • Small sporophytes, and sometimes non-photosynthetic
    • Which would mean it would depend on gametophyte for nutrition
  • Lives in damp/shady habitats
Sexual reproduction of Thalloid liverworts (Hapticophyta)
  • Asexual reproduction
    • Occurs by Gemmae cup
    • Gemmae can be multicellular or unicellular
Leafy liverworts
Responsible for ~85% of diversity
Female gametophyte of marchchantia
Answer 13
Archegniophores
Female gametophyte of marchchantia (microscopic)
Answer 14
  • Tail= Archegonium
  • Circular mass in "head"=Egg
    • Once fertilized, it is a multicellular embryo developing into an archegonium
Marchantia sporophyte
Answer 15
  • Sporophytes opening under an archegoniphore (yellow/white puffs)