General and Organic Chemistry - Lecture 10 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

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What is a hydrocarbon?
A compund composed of only carbon and hydrogen.
What are the 4 different types of hydrocarbons?
Alkanes (Chapter 11) - Only carbon-carbon single bonds
Alkenes (Chapter 12) - One or more carbon-carbon double bond
Alkynes (Chapter 12) - one or more carbon-carbon triple bond
Arenes (Chapter 13) - One or more benzene-like rings
What is an alkane?
Hydrocarbons containing only carbon-carbon single bones.
What is a line-angle formula?
Answer 4
A line represents a carbon-carbon bond and a vertex and a line terminus represent a carbon atom.
Hydrogen atoms are not shown in line-angle formulas.
What are the first 10 alkanes?
Answer 5
What is a constitutional isomer?
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas (different connectivity)
What are the three molecular formulas where there is only one structural formula?
CH4, C2H6, C3H8
What are the two structural formulas and names of the molecular formula C4H10.
Answer 8
Question 9
Do the structural formulas in each set represtent the same compound or constitional isomers?
Answer 9
(a) represents the same compound

(b) represents constitutional isomers

What is a parent chain?
The chain that has the most most carbon atoms
What is a substituent?
The groups bonded to the parent chain
How do you name an organic compound?
1. Find the longest chain and number it so that the substituate has the smallest number.
a) if the same substituent occurs number the times the substituent occurs by a prefix, di-, tri-, terta-, penta-, hexa-, etc. Use a comma to sperate position numbers
b)If there are different substituents at the same poition number so that one that comes first alphabetely has the lower number.
3. DO NOT include the prefixes when alphabetizing

What is a cyclic hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms joined to form a ring
What is a cycloalkane?
A cyclic hudrocarbon in which all the carbons are saturated (no double or triple bonds)
Cycloalkanes with ring sizes ranging from 3 - over 30 carbon atoms are known in nature.
Rings with 5 and 6 carbons are the most stable and six five varbonds (cyclohexanes and cyclopentanes) are common in nature.
How do you name a cycloalkane?
Prefix the name of the corresponding open-chain alkane with cyclo-, and name each substituent on the ring.
If there is only one substituent on the rinf, there is no need to give it a location number
If there are more than one substituent, number the rinf beginning with the substituent of lower alphabetical order.