Raskin - Chapter 2

REBT model of how psychological problems originate and how to fix them; A = activating event; B = beliefs; C = emotional consequences of beliefs; D = disputing beliefs; and E = more effective beliefs that replace those that were disputed.

Triggers the sending of an electrical impulse along a neuron’s axis; occurs when sufficient neurotransmitters bond with receptors on a neuron’s dendrites, causing the electrical charge within the neuron to shift from negative to positive; central process in neural communication.

In humanistic theories, the innate motivation to fulfill one’s full potential.

Name for each of the two different versions of every gene; dominant alleles take priority in influencing how particular characteristics genetically unfold, while recessive alleles only influence development when a person inherits two of them (one from each parent).

Chemical compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen; GABA and glutamate are amino acid-based neurotransmitters.

Almond-sized area deep in the limbic system area of the brain that has been implicated in regulation of emotions such as fear and anger.

Fixated anal stage personality style characterized by resisting the need for ego regulation; anal-expulsive individuals are messy, reckless, disobedient, and disorganized.

Fixated anal stage personality style characterized by strict ego regulation; anal-retentive individuals are rigid, neat, stingy, stubborn, and highly organized.

Second stage of psychosexual development, from ages 1½ to 3, during which toilet training serves as the basis for ego development; fixation here results in becoming anal-retentive or anal-expulsive.

Process by which therapists operating from one theoretical perspective, when incorporating a technique from another theoretical perspective, carefully consider how the theory they are using and the theory from which they are co-opting a technique are both changed.

Emphasizes how early childhood relational attachments affect later psychological functioning.

In existential theory, when one is aware of one’s responsibility for creating meaning and living by it.

Spontaneous thoughts that occur to us throughout daily life.

REBT term for the irrational tendency to interpret things as more awful than they truly are.

Applies the principles of classical and operant conditioning, as well as social learning, to alter behavior deemed abnormal.