Explain the Following Terms of the Basic Concept of Depression Flashcards

Term used during the early Christian era to describe low mood, boredom, and longing; involved despair arising from pressure to avoid temptation; became incorporated into Western conceptions of melancholia.

Models of depression that claim depression may serve an adaptive purpose—such as helping people avoid social risks, minimize losses, ruminate about problems they need to address, fight infection and recover from sickness, conserve energy, give in when socially defeated, and solicit resources by encouraging others to help them.

Historically used to describe depression in young children, but now refers to attachment-related depression in adults who are clingy, helpless, dependent, and fear abandonment.

Drugs initially developed to treat seizures, but also used as mood stabilizers to treat bipolar disorder; they enhance GABA activity.

Drugs used to alleviate depression and many other presenting problems; they work by affecting monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain.

Integrates attachment theory into family therapy to help strengthen parent–child attachment relationships in depressed and suicidal adolescents.

Behavioral technique in which client schedules activities that bring positive reinforcement; intended to alleviate depression.

Anxiolytic drugs that enhance the functioning of GABA (the brain’s primary inhibitory neurotransmitter) to reduce anxiety; sometimes also used as mood stabilizers.

DSM-IV criterion for major depressive disorder that discouraged clinicians from diagnosing major depression in people grieving the loss of a loved one; removed from DSM-5.

ICD-10 disorder diagnosed in those who experience some combination of manic, hypomanic, and depressive episodes; various subtypes identify the specific combination of episodes present in a patient.

DSM-5 and ICD-11 disorder diagnosed in those who experience one or more manic episodes.

DSM-5 and ICD-11 disorder diagnosed in those who have experienced hypomanic and depressive episodes, but have never had a manic episode.

A government warning that informs people that a drug may have hazardous consequences; antidepressants in the U.S. carry one that says they may increase suicidal tendencies in teens; antipsychotics also carry one indicating that they may increase mortality rates among the elderly.

Studies in which allele frequencies on genes of interest are statistically analyzed to see if some allele variations are present more often among case subjects compared to controls.

Mental and behavioral changes in alertness and energy that are tied to levels of light and dark in the environment; circadian rhythm disruptions have been implicated in symptoms associated with bipolar disorder.