Endocrine System

A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs.

An endocrine organ/cell of which the functional activity is controlled by hormones.

Feedback that tends to stabilize a process by reducing its rate or output when its effects are too great.

Endocrine glands are ductless and produce internal secretion. Exocrine glands have ducts that release secretions to the external surfaces of the body.

1. diffuse 2. enter nucleus 3. binds to receptor 4. binds to DNA sites 5. activating genes 6. translated in cytoplasm resulting in synthesis

-triggered by some internal or external stimulus. --most common, endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones (calcitonin/insulin) --changes blood levels of ions or nutrients --nerve stimulating fibers (nor/epinephrine)

Excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland.
Increased metabolic rate, enlargement of the thyroid gland, rapid heart rate, and high blood pressure

One form of hyperthyroidism.

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball.

Enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Severe hypothyroidism characterized by firm inelastic edema, dry skin and hair, and loss of mental and physical vigor.

Excess parathyroid hormone in the body resulting in disturbance of calcium metabolism with loss of calcium from bone. Destroys the bony matrix.

Calcitonin lowers the level of calcium in the blood plasma. PTH regulates the metabolism of calcium in the body.

A Glucocorticoid that: 1. convert proteins & fats to glucose 2. increase blood sugar 3. suppress immune system

A Mineralocorticoid that: 1. retention of sodium and water by kidneys 2. increase blood volume and blood pressure.