Cultural Geography Ch.8 The Cultural Landscape

Chapters 8 Cultural Geography - The Cultural Landscape

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Country
Term used in the U.S. for a state
State
Area organized into a political unit & ruled by an established government with control over its internal & foreign affairs; basically another country
Properties of a state: (6)
1. Political unit2. Territory with boundaries 3. Organized government 4. Permanent population5. Legal Authority over its internal & external affairs (sovereignty)6. Recognized by other states
Origin of states: (3) - Include examples
1. Voluntary association - for the common good2. Coercion - ex. warfare3. Ecological - regional focus + the coercion of warfare
Unitary State
All governmental power is concentrated in the government at the national level ex. England, Italy, France (Smaller states more likely)(Esp. common in Europe)
Federated State
Division of power between national & provincial levels - 19 totalEx. USA, Russia, Germany, Canada, Brazil, Nigeria, Venezelai.e. state's rights; can't sign defens pacts, can't declare war, can't print money
Boundary
Line demarcating a state's territory (invisible line)
Types of Boundaries (5)
1.Physical or Natural2. Cultural3. Antacedent 4. Subsequent5. Frontier (Not sure if actual boundar or just zone)
Boundary - Physical/Natural (3)
1. Mountains ex. Chili/Arg.(Andes Mts.)2. Desert (Sahara)3. Water - Rivers, lakes, ocean(Problem is water course may change over time)
Boundary - Cultural (3) (Include Ex.)
1. geometric - artificial; works for countries which are similar ex. Canada & US 49D & 141D.West2. religious ex. India & Pakistan; Ireland & N Ireland3. language ex. France, England, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany
Boundary - Cultural - Geometric
Artificial; works for countries which are similarex. Canada & US 49 - 141W
Boundary - Antecendent
Drawn across an area before it is well populated
Boundary - Subsequent (2)Definition+2 types
Drawn across an area after the development of a cultural landscape1. Consequent (Ethnographic) - Drawn to accommodate existing religious, linguistic, ethnic or economic differences between counries2. Superimposed - Forced on existing cultural landscapes, a country, or a people by a conquering or colonizing power that is unconcerned about pre-existing cultural patterns
Boundary - Subsequent - Cosequent
(Ethnographic) - Drawn to accommodate existing religious, linguistic, ethnic or economic differences between counries
Boundary - Subsequent - Superimposed
Forced on existing cultural landscapes, a country, or a people by a conquering or colonizing power that is unconcerned about pre-existing cultural patterns