Criminology Ch. 3 Vocab.

Criminology terms from "Criminology: The Core" 4 Ed.

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Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
Large database, compiled by the FBI, of crimes reported and arrests made each year throughout the US
Part I Crimes
The eight most serious offenses included in the UCR; murder, rapes, assault, robbery, burglary, arson, larceny, and motor vehicle theft
Part II Crimes
All other crimes, aside from the eight part I crimes, included in the UCR arrest data. Part II crimes include drug offenses, sex crimes, and vandalism, among others
Cleared crimes
Crimes are considered cleared when at least one person is arrested, charged, and turned over to the court for prosecution or when some element beyond police control (such as the offender having left the country) precludes the physical arrest of an offender
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
Program that requires local police agencies to provide a brief account of each incident and arrest within 22 crime patterns, including incident victim and offender information.
Sampling
Selecting a limited number of people for study as representative of a larger group
Population
All people who share a particular characteristics, such as all high school students or all police officers
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
The ongoing victimization study conducted jointly by the Justice Department and the US Census Bureau that surveys victims about their experiences with law violation
Self-report survey
A research approach that requires subjects to reveal their own participation in delinquent or criminal act
Instrumental crimes
Offenses designed to improve the financial or social position of the criminal
Expressive crimes
Offenses committed not for profit or gain but to vent rage, anger, or frustration
Aging out
Phrase used to express the fact that people commit less crime as they mature
Neurotransmitter
A chemical substance, such as dopamine, that transmits nerve impulses from one neuron to another
Masculinity hypothesis
The view that women who commit crimes have biological and psychological trays similar to those of men
Liberal feminist theory
A view that suggests that the social and economic role of women in society controls their crime rates