Chemistry Chapter 13- Ions in Aqueous Solutions and Colligative Properties

Chemistry. Ch apter 13

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This separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves
Dissociation
Includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution
Net ionic equation
Ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction
Spectator ions
Ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent
Ionization
The H30+ ion is known as
The hydronium ion
Any compound whose dilute aqueous solutions conduct electricity well; this is due to the presence of all or almost all of the dissolved compound in the form of ions
Strong electrolyte
Any compound whose dilute aqueous solutions conduct electricity poorly; this is due to the presence of a small amount of the dissolved compound in the form of ions
Weak electrolyte
Properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles but not on their identity
Colligative properties
One that has little tendency to become a gas under existing conditions
Nonvolatile substance
Is the freezing point depression of the solvent in a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute
Molal freezing-point constant (Kf)
The difference between the freezing points of the pure solvent and a solution of a nonelectrolyte in that solvent, and it is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution
Freezing-point depression
The boiling-point elevation of the solvent in a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute
Molal boiling-point constant
The difference between the boiling points of the pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte solution of that solvent, and it is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution
Boiling-point elevation
Allows the passage of some particles while blocking the passage of others
Semipermeable membrane
The movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the side of lower solute concentration to the side of higher solute concentration
Osmosis