Cells, Tissues, Organs and Systems

Overview of g rade 10

111 cards   |   Total Attempts: 182
  

Cards In This Set

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Cytoplasm
A jelly-like substance within the plasma membrane
Cell theory
1. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells 2. The cell is a basic organizational unit of life 3, All cells come from pre-existing cells
Cytoskeleton
-filaments/tubules that provide a framework for a cell -network of protein fibres -helps to maintain structure
Nucleolus
-located in the nucleus -makes ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
-network of membrane-covered channels that transport materials (molecules) made in the cell -connected to the nucleus
Golgi body/apparatus/complex
-sorts and packages proteins and other molecules for transport out of the cell -puts proteins in a vesicle
Vesicle
-membrane-covered sacs that transport/store materials inside the cell -helps materials cross the cell membrane to enter or exit the cell
Lysosome
-membrane bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes -made of large and small subunit
Vacuole
-contains water and other materials -used to store/transport small molecules plant cells - one large vacuole animal cells - several smaller vacuoles
Ribosome
-make proteins,which make up much of the cell's structure -some float in the cytoplasm -some are attached to the ER
Mitochondria
(singular - mitochondrion)
-where energy is released from glucose to fuel cell activities glucose + oxygen ---> CO2+H2O+energy
Chloroplast
-trap energy from the sun (to make glucose) -found only in plant cells
Nucleus
-controls all cell activities -contains DNA
DNA screening
-the process of testing individuals to determine whether or not they have the gene/genes associated with certain genetic disorders -can be observed by looking at chromosomes -controversial ex. amniocentesis tests for Down Syndrome in utero
Prophase - first phase of mitosis - preparation phase
-DNA recoils -chromosomes condense -nuclear membrane begins to disappear -spindle fibres begin to form