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Cards In This Set
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Carbohydrates
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Include both sugars and polymers of sugars
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Monosaccharides
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- simplest carbohydrates- simple sugars- these are the monomers from which more complex carbohydrates are constructed
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Disaccharides
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- double sugars- consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond caused by a dehydration reaction
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Polysaccharides
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Polymers composed of many sugar building blocks
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Monosaccharides have what molecular formula?
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- some multiple of the unit CH2O
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Glucose C6H12O6
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- the most common monosaccharide - in the structure of the glucose, we can see the trademarks of sugar: the molecule has a carbonyl group and multiple hydroxyl groups- depending on the location of the carbonyl group, sugar is either an aldose (example: glucose) or a ketoses (example: isomer of glutose)
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Carbon skeleton
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- another criterion for classifying sugars- ranges from 3 to 7 carbons long
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Another source of diversity for simple sugars is in the special arrangement of what?
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Their parts around asymmetric carbons
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Monosaccharides are major what?
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- nutrients for cells- particularly glucose
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Disaccharide
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Consists of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage caused by a dehydration reaction
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Glycosidic linkage
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A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction
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Polysaccharides
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- macromolecules, polymers with a few hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides joined by glucosidic linkages- serve as storage material (hydrolyzed as needed to provide sugar for cells); also serve as building material for structures that protect the cell or the whole organism- thus have storage and structural roles
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The architecture and function of polysaccharides are determined by what?
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Its sugar monomers and by the position of its glycosidic linkages
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Both plants and animals store sugars for later use in the form of what?
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Storage polysaccharides
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Starch
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- a type of storage polysaccharide- a polymer of glucose monomers- stored by plants as granules within cellular structures knows as plastids, which include chloroplasts
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