APUSH Unit 11 Terms

middle-class woman who was deeply dedicated to uplifting the urban masses. She was one of the first generation of college-educated women. She established the Hull House in Chicago 1889, which was a settlement house (a place where immigrants came for counseling, literacy training, child care, and cultural activities.

armed with the insights of socialism and endowed with the voice of an actress, she was a lifelong battler for the welfare of women, children, blacks, and consumers. She led the case of when the Hull House lobbied for an Illinois sweatshop law that protected women workers and prohibited child labor. “a guerilla warrior in the urban jungle.”

she founded the Church of Christ, Scientist (Christian Science) in 1879, after she had suffered much ill health. The main belief of Christian Science was healing through prayer, not through medical treatment.

he published a volume called the On Origin of the Species. His theory of evolution argued that higher forms of life had evolved from lower forms via random mutation and survival-of-the-fittest. His review thus rejected divine creation. Conservatives stood firmly in their beliefs of God and religion, why Modernists flatly refused to accept the Bible in its entirety.

He developed a plan for bettering the lots of blacks. His commitment to training young blacks in agriculture and the trades guided the curriculum at Tuskegee Institute, which was a normal school for black teachers and taught hands-on industrial trades. He avoided the issue of social equality, and instead focused on one thing at a time: developing economic and educational recourses of the black community

the first African American to earn a PhD at Harvard. He demanded complete equality for blacks, social as well as economic, and helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He called for the “talented tenth” of the black community to be given full access and equality. His criticism was that Washington’s method put blacks in a little box of manual labor only.

he made a large impact in psychology through his numerous writings. He was one of America’s most brilliant intellectuals and served 35 years on the Harvard faculty. His Principles of Psychology helped to establish the modern discipline of behavioral psychology. The concept of pragmatism held that truth was to be tested, above all, by the practical consequences of an idea, by action rather than theories.

he was a journalist-author who was an original thinker who left an enduring mark. Poor in formal schooling, he was rich in idealism and human kindness. After seeing poverty at its worst in India, he wrote the book Progress and Poverty, which attempted to solve the association of progress with poverty. His theory was that “progress” pushed land values up and created poverty amongst many. His solution to the distribution of wealth was to propose a 100% tax on profits—a very controversial proposal.

he wrote rags-to-riches stories, usually about a good boy that made good. They all championed the virtues of honesty and hard work that lead to prosperity and honor. His best know book was Ragged Dick. He was a Puritan-driven New Englander who wrote more than 100 volumes of juvenile fiction including New Yorker newsboys in 1866. He said that virtue, honesty, and industry are rewarded by success, wealth, and honor. A survival of the purest, especially nonsmokers, nondrinkers, nonswearers, and nonliars.

his original name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. He traveled through the West and wrote Roughing It recounting the trip. It was a mix of truths, half-truths, and tall tales, and the readers loved it. He co-wrote The Gilded Age that laid bare on the questionable politics and business of the day. He also wrote the Adventures of Tom Sawyer and the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. He was a journalist, humorist, satirist, and opponent of social injustice. He recaptured the limits of realism and humor in the authentic American dialect.

she was a feminist who published Women and Economics, a classic of feminism. She (1) shunned traditional femininity, (2) said there were no real differences between men and women, and (3) called for group of nurseries and kitchens to free up women. She called upon women to abandon their dependent status and contribute to the larger life of the community through productive involvement in the economy. She devoted herself to a vigorous regimen of physical exercise and philosophical meditation.

she took command of the suffrage battle. Under her, the suffragists de-emphasized the argument that women deserved the matter of right, because they were in all respects the equals of men. Instead, she stressed the desirability of giving women the vote if they were to continue to discharge their traditional duties as homemakers and mothers in the increasingly public world of the city.

He was an urban Catholic leader devoted to American unity, who was immensely popular with Roman Catholics and Protestants alike. He employed his liberal sympathies to assist the American labor movement.

a former Chicago shoe salesmen. He was a country boy who made good in the big city. Proclaiming a gospel of kindness and forgiveness, he was a modern urban circuit rider who took his message to countless American cities in the 1870s and 80s. His goal and achievement was to connect biblical teachings and Christianity to modern city life. The Moody Bible Institute founded in Chicago was founded in 1899.

A chain of roughly adjacent metropolitan areas.