AP WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 3

A. 3rd Early Civilization from 3,000 B.C.E to 1800 B.C.EB. Had 25 urban centers, the largest of which was CaralC. Small cities, less economic specialization, extremely rich fishing industry made up economy, few cultural finds (ie; pots), quipu was writing and accounting system, little defense or warfare and little interaction or diffusion influence

A. Civilization in Indus River ValleyB. No political hierarchy, it had complex specialized society, C. May have had republic instead ruled by priests, culturally rich but used up resources fast and salinated soil, pollution etc.

A. Civilization that took place around 1200 B.C.E on gulf of mexico B. Came from competing chiefdom and was culturally/architecturally richC. First written language in Americas by 900 B.C.E and was Mother of Civilization in Mesoamerica

A. Mesopotamia's largest cityB. Had tall walls, architecture/ziggaruts, templesC. many craftsman who were specialized

A. City along banks of Indus river in 2000 B.C.E. Sister city was Harappa which has many rich houses that were 2 or 3 stories highB. Complex city which had grid structure cityC. Complex sewage system and brick walls

A. Mesopotamian code of law that shows how upper classes had much easier punishmentsB. If higher class had less punishmentsC. Showed hierarchy of class in Mesopotamia

A. The rule of men superior to womenB. Womens role dropped after agricultureC. Theories:-Plow agriculture allowed men to perform better than women-Men less important in household became political and religious specialistsWomen gender laws and religion and view of women changed in cultures

A. Useful because protected upper class and helped to solve problems so had some general supportB. Force could be used in new civilization but mostly ordained by god mentalityC. Example: Mandate of Heaven

A. Mesopotamian book with pessimistic view of the gods and the afterlifeB. Because Mesopotamia is bad situation with flooding as opposed to EgyptC. Bleak POV common

A. Egypt has optimistic POV because had a flowing and constant Nile riverB. Nile helped with agricultureC. opposite of Mesopotamian negative POV

A. City near Egypt that traded and had warfare with EgyptB. was periodically occupied by EgyptC. once overtook Egypt for a century and ruled

A. Pastoral group who brought a new technology of chariotsB. Invaded Egypt and ruled for centuryC. Egypt and Mesopotamian used technology because it was portable