Trapezius |
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Origin: Base of skull, occipital protuberance; Ligaments of neck; Spines of 7 cervical and upper 3 thoracic vertebrae; Spines of 4-12 thoracic vertebrae.Insertion: Posterior aspect of outer third clavicle; Border of the acromion process; Upper border of the scapular spine; Triangular space at the base of the spine. |
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Rhomboid major |
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Origin: Spinous process of the 2-5 thoracic vertebrae.Insertion: Medial border of the scapula, below the spine of scapula. |
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Rhomboid minor |
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Origin: Spinous process 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae. Insertion: Medial border of the scapula, below the spine of scapula. |
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Levator Scapula |
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Origin: Transverse process of the upper 4 cervical vertebrae.Insertion: Medial border of the scapula above the spine of the scapular spine. |
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Pectoralis Minor |
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Origin: Outer surfaces of the 3-5 ribs.Insertion: Coracoid process. |
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Serratus anterior |
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Origin: Lateral portion of the upper 9 ribsInsertion: Whole medial border of the costal aspect of the scapula. |
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Supraspinatus |
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Origin: Supraspiantus fossa.Insertion: Top of the greater tubercle of the humerus. |
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Infraspinatus |
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Origin: Posterior surface of the scapula below the scapular spine.Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus on the posterior side. |
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Teres minor |
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Origin: Posterior, lateral surface of the scapula.Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus on the posterior side. |
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Subscapularis |
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Origin: Entire anterior surface of the scapular fossa.Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus. |
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Deltoid |
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Origin: Front outer third of clavicle, border of the acromion, and lower edge of the spine of the scapula. |
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Teres major |
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Origin: Lower third of the lateral border of the scapula.Insertion: Inner lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. |
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Coracobrachialis |
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Origin: coracoid process of the scapula.Insertion: medial, middle of humerus. |
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Latissimus dorsi |
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Origin: Posterior crest of the ilium, back of the sacrum and spinous process of the lower 3 ribs.Insertion: Medial side of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. |
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Pectoralis major |
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Origin: Inner half of the anterior surface of the clavicle, anterior surface of the costal cartilages of the first 6 ribs and adjoining.Insertion: Outer lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. |
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Biceps brachii |
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Origin: Long head: Top of the glenoid fossa.Short head: Top of the coracoid process.Insertion: Tuberosity of the radius. |
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Brachialis |
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Origin: Lower half of the anterior portion of the humerus.Insertion: coronoid process of the ulna. |
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Brachioradialis |
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Origin: Lower two thirds of outer condyloid ridge of the humerus.Insertion: outer surface of the lower end of the radius at the styloid process. |
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Triceps brachii |
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Origin: Long head: Lower edge of the glenoid process of the scapula.Lateral head: Upper half of the posterior surface of the humerus.Medial head: Lower two thirds of the posterior surface of the humerus.Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna. |
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Palmaris longus |
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Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus.Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis. |
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Flexor Carpi radialis |
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Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus.Insertion: Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals. |
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Flexor Carpi ulnaris |
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Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus.Insertion: Bases of 5th metacarpals. |
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Pronator teres |
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Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna.Insertion: mid-lateral surface of the radius. |
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Pronator quadratus |
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Origin: Anterior distal radius.Insertion: Anterior distal ulna. |
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Extensor carpi radialis longus |
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ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus INSERTION: `base of 2nd
metacarpal |
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Extensor carpi radialis
brevis |
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ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION: base of 3rd metacarpal |
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Extensor carpi ulnaris |
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ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION: base of 5th metacarpal |
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Rectus abdominis |
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ORIGIN: crest of the pubis
INSERTION: cartilage of the 5th, 6th,
and 7th ribs and the xiphoid process |
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External obliques |
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ORIGIN: borders of the lower 8 ribs at
the side of the chest
interdigitating with
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Internal obliques |
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ORIGIN: upper half of the inguinal ligament, anterior
two-thirds of the crest of the ilium and the thoracolumbar fascia
INSERTION: costal cartilages of the 8th, 9th,
and 10th ribs and the linea alba |
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Transversus abdominis |
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ORIGIN: outer third of the inguinal ligament, inner
rim of the crest of the ilium, inner surface of the cartilage of the lower 6
ribs, and the thoracolumbar fascia
INSERTION: crest of the pubis, the iliopectineal line,
and the linea alba |
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Erector spinae |
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ORIGINS & INSERTIONS: in general, these muscles
attach the spinous and transverse processes of the vertebrae to each other and
to the pelvis, ribs, and skull |
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Iliopsoas |
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ORIGIN: inner surface of ilium, base of the sacrum,
and sides of the bodies of the last thoracic and all of the lumbar vertebrae
INSERTION: lesser trochanter of the femur |
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Sartorius |
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ORIGIN: notch between the anterior-superior and
anterior-inferior spines of the ilium
INSERTION: anterior medial condyle of the tibia |
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Rectus femoris |
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ORIGIN: anterior-inferior iliac spine of the ilium
INSERTION: tibial tuberosity via the patella and
patellar ligament |
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Tensor fasciae latae |
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ORIGIN: anterior iliac crest of the ilium
INSERTION: iliotibial band of fascia quarter of the way
down |
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Pectineus |
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ORIGIN: space 1-inch wide on front of pubis just above the crest
INSERTION: rough line leading from the lesser trochanter down to the linea aspera |
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Adductor brevis |
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ORIGIN: front of the pubis just below the origin of
the longus
INSERTION: lesser trochanter of upper quarter of the
linea aspera |
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Adductor longus |
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ORIGIN: front of the pubis just below its crest
INSERTION: middle third of the linea aspera |
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Adductor magnus |
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ORIGIN: edge of the entire ramus of the pubis and the
ischium, and the tuberosity of the ischium
INSERTION: whole length of the linea aspera and inner
condyloid ridge |
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Gracilis |
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ORIGIN: inner edge of the descending ramus of the
pubis
INSERTION: anterior medial surface of the tibia below
the condyle |
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Gluteus maximus |
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ORIGIN: posterior quarter of the crest of the ilium,
posterior surface of the sacrum near the ilium, and fascia of the lumbar area
INSERTION: gluteal line of femur and iliotibial band of
fascia latae |
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Gluteus medius |
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ORIGIN: outer surface of the ilium just below the
crest
INSERTION: posterior and middle surfaces of the greater
trochanter of the femur |
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Gluteus minimus |
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ORIGIN: outer surface of the ilium below the origin
of the gluteus medius
INSERTION: anterior surface of the greater trochanter of
the femur |
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Piriformis` |
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ORIGIN: anterior surface of sacrum
INSERTION: greater trochanter of femur |
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Gemellus superior |
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ORIGIN: posterior ischium (ischial spine)
INSERTION: greater trochanter of the femur |
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Gemellus inferior |
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ORIGIN: ischial tuberosity
INSERTION: greater trochanter of femur |
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Obturator internus |
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ORIGIN: obturator foramen
INSERTION: greater trochanter of femur |
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Obturator externus |
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ORIGIN: obturator foramen
INSERTION: greater trochanter of femur |
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Quadratus femoris |
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ORIGIN: ischial tuberosity
INSERTION: just below greater trochanter of femur |
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Rectus femoris |
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ORIGIN: anterior-inferior iliac spine of the ilium
INSERTION: tibial tuberosity via the patella and
patellar ligament |
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Vastus intermedius |
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ORIGIN: upper two-thirds of the anterior surface of
femur
INSERTION: tibial tuberosity via the patella and
patellar ligament |
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Vastus lateralis |
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ORIGIN: greater trochanter and lateral lip of the
linea aspera
INSERTION: tibial tuberosity via the patella and
patellar ligament |
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Vastus medialis |
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ORIGIN: whole length of the linea aspera INSERTION: tibial tuberosity via the patella and
patellar ligament |
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Sartorius |
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ORIGIN: notch between the anterior-superior and
anterior-inferior spines of the ilium
INSERTION: anterior medial condyle of the tibia |
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Biceps femoris |
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ORIGINS: Long head: ischial tuberosity Short head: lateral lip of linea
aspera
INSERTIONS: Long head: lateral condyle of tibia
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Semitendinosus |
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ORIGIN: ischial tuberosity
INSERTION: medial condyle of tibia |
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Semimembranosus |
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ORIGIN: ischial tuberosity
INSERTION: medial condyle of tibia |
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Gastrocnemius |
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ORIGIN: medial and lateral condyles of the femur
INSERTION: calcaneus via the calcaneus tendon (Achilles
tendon) |
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Popliteus |
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ORIGIN: posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of
femur
INSERTION: upper, posterior medial surface of tibia |
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Gracilis |
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ORIGIN: inner edge of the descending ramus of the pubis
INSERTION: anterior medial surface of the tibia below
the condyle |
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Anterior tibialis |
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ORIGIN: upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
INSERTION: inner surface of medial cuneiform and the 1st
metatarsal |
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Extensor digitorum longus |
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ORIGIN: lateral condyle of the tibia, proximal three-fourths
of the fibula, and the interosseous membrane
INSERTION: middle and distal phalanges of the lateral
four toes |
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Extensor hallucis longus |
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ORIGIN: middle half of the medial fibula and
adjoining interosseous membrane
INSERTION: distal phalanx of the great toe (“hallucis”
refers to the great toe) |
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Gastrocnemius |
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ORIGIN: medial and lateral condyles of the femur
INSERTION: calcaneus via the calcaneus tendon (Achilles
tendon) |
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Soleus |
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ORIGIN: upper two-thirds of the posterior surfaces of
the tibia and fibula
INSERTION: calcaneus via the calcaneus tendon (Achilles
tendon) |
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Tibialis posterior |
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ORIGIN: posterior surface of the upper half of the
interosseous membrane and the adjacent surfaces of the tibia and fibula
INSERTION: lower medial surfaces of the navicular and
cuneiform bones, and bases of the 2 through 5 metatarsal bones |
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Flexor digitorum longus |
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ORIGIN: posterior surface of middle one-third of
tibia
INSERTION: plantar surface of the base of the 3rd
phalange of the 2nd through 5th toes |
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Flexor hallucis longus |
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ORIGIN: posterior surface of lower 2/3 of fibula
INSERTION: plantar surface of the base of the terminal
phalange of the great toe |
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Plantaris |
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ORIGIN: posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle
of the femur
INSERTION: tuberosity of the calcaneus via the Achilles
tendon |
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Peroneus longus |
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ORIGIN: upper two-thirds of lateral surface of tibia and fibula
INSERTION: ventral surfaces of the 1st metatarsal
and medial cuneiform |
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Peroneus brevis |
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ORIGIN: distal two-thirds of the fibula
INSERTION: tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal |
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