What process in protein synthesis is inhibited by the antibiotic?

The correct answer to this question is – Translocation. From the analysis above, we can tell that the process in protein synthesis that is inhibited by the new antibiotics is translocation. Translocation is the process that occurs in the elongation phase of translation (protein synthesis). During translocation, the mRNA-tRNA moiety is advanced on the ribosome to the next codon to be on the decoding area.

If translocation is blocked, the mRNA-tRNA moiety remains on the decoding center on the ribosome, and this will be the only product present. This is typical of the analysis above; we can tell that the only product made was methionyl-phenylalanyltRNA (the mRNA-tRNA moiety). Blockage of initiation, the formation of the peptide bond, and blockage of the binding of an aminoacyl tRNA to the A site of the ribosome will not cause this to happen.