Cosmology is the study of the world and how the universe first began. It even discusses how the things in space relate and connect to the world. People have been studying space and cosmology since the ancient times. During ancient history, scientists would gather information by looking up into space and at the stars. They would design devices to use to get a better look at space.
The first noted time when someone wrote about cosmology would be in the Hindu ancient times by Rigveda around 1700 to 1100 BC. This person discussed the cycles that exist with the universe. Similar to the information given, Jain Agamas wrote information about the universe and its cycle in 500 AD. There was also information given during Babylonian times.
Although the questions about the universe - even serious study - date back many centuries, Cosmology only really became a branch of science in the 1960s. This was as result of the discovery of the cosmic microwave background. Two competing theories emerged about Earth's origins. This was only possible when physicists and astronomers developed powerful enough theories with sufficiently sensitive experiental techniques for testing them.
Earlier than this Hubble showed that galaxies appear to retreat from one another, and the more distant, the faster the rate of movement away. This finding prompted a host of scientific studies and cosmology became a scientific study in its own right.
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