One strand of DNA, the template strand, is employed as a template for RNA synthesis. RNA polymerases transport the template strand and use base pairing complementarity with the DNA template to create an RNA copy. RNA polymerase is vital to life, and it is discovered in all living organisms and many viruses. Depending on the organism, an RNA polymerase can be a protein complex or consist of ...
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Parents pass on traits such as hair color and blood type to their children through their genes. Certain health conditions can also be passed onto the children. Changes in the gene can take on various forms, and each variation of a gene is called an allele.
These two copies of the gene enclosed in your chromosomes affect the way your cells operate. The two alleles in a gene couple are ...
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Autotrophs are organisms that can generate their food for the biosphere. An autotroph or principal producer is an organism that produces complex organic compounds utilizing carbon from simple elements such as carbon dioxide, generally using energy from light or photosynthesis.
Most autotrophs use photosynthesis to make their food. It could also come from inorganic chemical reactions ...
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Baking soda is a chemical base with a pH value somewhere between 9 and 9.5 on the pH scale. The water solubility of baking soda is roughly 8 grams per every hundred grams of water. The pH of an item determines acidity from alkalinity.
The scale ranges from 1 to 15, with low values being acidic and high values being alkaline, and baking soda is mildly alkaline. Chemists like to keep ...
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The Golgi apparatus is the manufacturing and shipping center of a eukaryotic cell. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for manufacturing, warehousing, and shipping certain cellular products, particularly those from the endoplasmic reticulum.
A Golgi complex comprises cisternae, which are flat sacs that are stacked in a partially bent structure. Each formation has a membrane to detach ...
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All protists are eukaryotes, which means that they have a nucleus and have grouped organelles like plastids and mitochondria. Most protists are unicellular, although some are simple multi-cellular organisms.
Some common examples of protists include algae, molds, protozoa, and slimes. Their genetic material takes on the form of DNA, contained in chromosomes within a distinct nucleus. ...
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The kidneys play an essential role in our bodies' functioning. They perform waste excretion, water level balancing, blood pressure regulation, acid regulation, and red blood cell regulation. When the kidneys sense that your blood is in a hypoxic state, they send feedback through a negative loop or a distress signal by releasing an erythropoietin hormone.
Hypoxemia can be caused by ...
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You can discover phospholipids in the plasma membrane of a bacterium separated from a glacier, and you would expect to find a dominance of phospholipids. The basic structure of a phospholipid involves a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head.
The plasma membrane is a defending barricade that envelops the inside of the cell. This structure is semi-porous and permits certain molecules ...
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Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides 150 to 200 base pairs long in eukaryotes, which are synthesized and later connected by the enzyme DNA ligase to create the lingering strand developed during DNA replication.
Therefore, Okazaki fragments correspond to the lagging strand, which runs in the 5 to 3 direction. They form short double-stranded DNA sections that lie ...
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The digestion ends in the small intestine. Some people assume that it ends in the anus but it is the anus from where the digested food is removed. The small intestine is in charge of breaking down some insoluble molecules to make sure that the body gets enough nutrients from the food.
The large intestine will only get rid of the excess water to make it easier for feces to be formed ...
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