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Answer updated on: 12 Feb 2020
DThe correct answer is D. This patient is likely suffering from endemic cretinism due to a deficiency in dietary iodine, a disorder that is still common in parts of the world, including parts of China. Lack of dietary iodine leads to deficient thyroid hormone production and thus hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone is critical during development and thus children who grow up in iodine-deficient areas ...
Answer updated on: 12 Feb 2020
Pemphigus vulgarisThe correct answer is E. This patient has pemphigus vulgaris, a potentially fatal autoimmune disorder characterized by easily ruptured superficial vesicles that often crust and erode. It is thought to be due to IgG antibody against epidermal cell membrane. Lesions of the oral mucosa are characteristic of pemphigus vulgaris
Answer A is incorrect. In bullous pemphigoid, patients ...
Answer updated on: 12 Feb 2020
LoperamideThe correct answer is C. This young woman has irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS, a diagnosis of exclusion, is an idiopathic functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits that increase with stress (e.g., starting a new job) and are relieved with bowel movements. A normal complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and physical exam are ...
Answer updated on: 12 Feb 2020
Answer updated on: 12 Feb 2020
Wegener’s granulomatosisThe correct answer is E. This patient has Wegeners granulomatosis, a disease characterized by necrotizing, granulomatous vasculitis affecting several organs, most notably the upper respiratory tract, lung, and kidney. The hematuria is suggestive of glomerulitis. The presence of granulomas and the dramatic response to immunosuppressive therapy suggest that this disease ...
Answer updated on: 12 Feb 2020
The T lymphocyte will undergo anergyThe correct answer is D. This is a phenomenon known as peripheral tolerance. It is an important factor because deletion of self-reactive T lymphocytes within the thymus (central tolerance) is not completely efficient at removing all self-reactive T lymphocytes. Thus, one mechanism of peripheral tolerance is that of anergy: When a T lymphocyte receives the ...
Answer updated on: 12 Feb 2020
5-HT3 antagonistsThe correct answer is A. The most effective drugs for the treatment of chemotherapy induced nausea are the serotonin 5-HT3 antagonists. This class includes ondansetron, dolasetron, and granisetron. These drugs can cause fatigue, headache, constipation, urinary retention, and dizziness; however, setrons are generally not very toxic
Answer B is incorrect. Benzodiazepines include ...
Answer updated on: 12 Feb 2020
Erythropoietin9. The correct answer is A. This patients clinical presentation is consistent with anemia of chronic disease (ACD) in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus. ACD presents with low serum iron levels, elevated ferritin levels, decreased total iron-binding capacity, and microcytic/ normocytic RBCs on blood smear. ACD resolves if the underlying condition is corrected, but in the ...
Answer updated on: 12 Feb 2020
Craniopharyngioma10. The correct answer is A. Craniopharyngiomas account for 80%90% of neoplasms arising in the pituitary region and are the most common supratentorial tumor of childhood. They originate from squamous rest cells in the remnant of Rathkes pouch between the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. Eighty percent of patients have evidence of endocrine dysfunction at diagnosis; growth ...
Answer updated on: 12 Feb 2020
Tolbutamide13. The correct answer is E. The patient consumed alcohol while taking metronidazole for her trichomoniasis. Metronidazole and tolbutamide both have disulfiram-like adverse effects when combined with alcohol use. These effects include flushing, tachycardia, headaches, and vomiting. Tolbutamide is a first-generation sulfonylurea that can also produce these effects.
Answer A is ...
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