Vincenzo Gioberti
Giuseppe Mazzini
Pope Pius IX
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
Savoy
Bourbon
Tudor
Gonzaga
Agostino Depretis
Giovanni Verga
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Alfonso La Mormora
Sicily
Rome
Venice
Tuscany
Albertine Statute
Emanueline Statute
Amodean Statute
Napoleonic Statute
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Naples
Rome
Venice
Milan
Giacomo Puccini
Ruggero Leoncavallo
Claudio Monteverdi
Giuseppe Verdi
Tuscany
Lombardy
Umbria
Piedmont
Florence, Rome, Ancona
Naples, Bari, Pescara
Turin, Milan, Genova
Venice, Bologna, Ancona
1859
1861
1866
1870
Milan
Turin
Florence
Rome
A lack of natural resources in Italy, especially coal and iron
Trade patterns that favored contact between the North and its close neighbors - France, Switzerland, and Austria
Increased migration to Italy which overwhelmed the labor force
The rise in brigandage and the growth of criminal organizations in the North, which were to become groups such as the Mafia
Difficult terrain down the peninsula and underdeveloped infrastructure, which hindered the movement of goods to the South
The leveraging of tariffs on goods within the country (taxes on trade) which protected local economies of the South
A traditional belief system that overwhelmingly valued the ownership of land as a means of establishing oneself and as a status symbol.
The consolidation of political power and cultural influence in the Center and North of the newly formed country.
Widespread social awareness about the possibilities gained through formal education and the presence of equal opportunities for schooling throughout Italy.
Increased rates of taxation which put substantial pressure on small landowners in the South, making business investments impossible
External maneuvering from foreign powers such as Spain and Portugal who wished to keep the South of Italy in impoverished conditions.
Imperialist military expeditions in East Africa which bolstered military spending but diverted funds from being invested in infrastructure improvements and upgrading of services in the South.
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Risorgimento
Rinascimento
Romanticismo
Irredentismo
Naples
Sicily
Tuscany
Venice
Naples
Sicily
Tuscany
Venice
Communist Party
Progressive Party
Socialist Party
Anarchist Party
Prussia (Germany)
Russia
France
Switzerland
Ida
Salvatore
Carmeliddu
Don Fabrizio
Veto
Anthracite
Habeas Corpus
Plebiscite
Il Popolo d'Italia
La Repubblica
Avanti
La Gazzetta del Re
Agostino Depretis
Mario Minghetti
Francesco Crispi
Giovanni Gentile
Assembly line
Telegraph
Cinema
Automobile
Founding of youth organizations and recreational groups to structure free time and promote cultural opportunities
Enhancement of the country's infrastructure, including the introduction of the autostrada or Italian highway system
Increase in the requirement of schooling for the youth with the passage of the Gentile Law.
Enacted a democratic system of government
Elimination of organized crime in southern Italy
Harnessing of the power of the cinema for propaganda and create the first state-sponsored documentary agency, the Istituto Luce (Light Institute)
Promoting the free expression of ideas and tolerated instances of explicit dissent
End to the Roman Question by recognizing the political entity of the Church in the creation of Vatican City through the Lateran Pacts
Supreme Leader
Duce
Presidente
His Holiness
Japan
United States
Brazil
Australia
Angola
Argentina
India
Canada
Giacomo Matteotti
Giovanni Gentile
Antonio Gramsci
Italo Balbo
Newspaper Editor
Soldier
Dictator
Legislator
President
Peacekeeper
Prime Minister
Nobility
Foreign residents
Bourgeoisie
Peasants
The Machiavelli
The Dante
The Mussolini
The Petrarch
Most political parties recognized the issues that led to the 'disgrace' but did not take substantial action to prohibit Italians from leaving.
Women greatly outnumbered men.
Families would gradually reunite in whole or in part as a first member would be joined eventually by other relatives.
Immigrants were welcomed openly and with no concerns into the host countries.
The Fascist party representatives in the United States had a strong influence over the thoughts and actions of Italians.
Payments from immigrants to administrative middlemen and as allowances to family members still in Italy accounted for a significant contribution to the economy of Italy.
In some ways, Italian workers from meager backgrounds were predisposed to leave Italy since they were accustomed to the idea of leaving their hometowns in search of employment.
Only the poorest individuals left Italy in search of greater opportunities.
South Tirol
Papal States
San Marino
Nice
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