Sociological Perspective
Social Structure
Interactionist Perspective
Social Framework
Biased
Empircal
Endogamous
Stratified
The disappearance of traditional sources of authority.
Contact between societies was increasing.
The increasingly important role of religion.
Rapid social change in Europe.
Being very certain of one's research methods.
Thinking very optimistically about society.
A belief system first suggested by Emile Durkheim.
Scientific observation and description.
"Manifest Destiny"
The "tyranny of democracy"
"Unenlightened Despotism"
The "tyranny of majority"
The "survival of the fittest" is the driving force of social evolution.
Social reform was essential for the protection of the porrest members of society.
The evolution of society would always create more social problems.
"Social engineering" was necessary for society to meet the needs of its members.
Ideas about what is right and wrong.
Laws, customs, and ideas.
Ideas and beliefs of a group of people.
Objects created in a given culture.
Is genetic.
Is shared.
Is the same everywhere at all times.
Is often questioned by those who take part in it.
They depend on the culture in which they appear.
They have no influence on human behavior.
They are inherent in the symbol itself.
They are always the same, regardless of the context in which they exist.
Language may reproduce the inequalities that exist in society.
The power relations in a situation provide a context for the meanings of particular expressions.
The language that people use may alter social stereotypes to some extent.
All of these choices are true.
Values are not guides for behavior because they are too abstract.
Values define what is considered desirable and morally correct.
Societal values are actually realized or achieved most of the time.
Values most often create conflict.
Norms
Folkways
Sanctions
Mores
Southern and Eastern Europe
South America and the Caribbean
The Middle East and Africa
Asia and Latin America
Countercultures
Popular cultures
Subcultures
Postmodern cultures
Participant observation
Content analysis
Unobtrusive observation
Survey research
In the sociological study the theory must be testable.
Sociology is the one to explore social problems.
Philosophy and personal beliefs are based on values.
Sociological is never humanistic and the others are.
Inductive reasoning.
Applied reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Conceptual reasoning.
Past studies that one may want to expand further.
Past research that one would like to develop a critique of.
An observation in everyday life.
All of these may be a source.
Carbon
Replication
Reified
Spurious
Quantitative
Qualitative
Inductive
Nonscientific
Dependent
Independent
Intervening
Control
Variable
Value
Hypothesis
Observation
Dependent
Independent
Intervening
Indicators
Reliable
Valid
Reactive
Reflective
Is not reliable.
Is not valid.
Doesn't cover the material it was supposed to.
Is biased.
Roles
Norms
Folkways
Values
Learn the customs, habits, and practices of one's society.
Develop our identity.
Form our individual personality.
Experience diversity.
Nature
Nurture
Both
Neither
Use strict discipline with children.
Use reasoning with their children.
Use positive reinforcement.
Use little or no discipline with children.
Are more important sources of identity for men than women.
Are where many ideas about gender differences are formed and reinforced.
Have historically been significant in the formation of women's identity.
Have been less significant in the development of masculine identity than was previously believed.
Women do not make moral judgements.
Men are more likely to make judgements based on relationships rather than circumstances.
Men and women use the same basic moral reasoning.
Women's moral judgements are more contextual than men's.
Psychoanalytic theory
Functionalism
Conflict Theory
Symbolic interaction
Charles Horton Cooley
George Herbert Mead
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
As the unconscious mind shapes their behavior.
Through taking the role of significant others.
Only when they identify with the same sex parent.
As they begin to learning the rules of the game of life.
The unconscious mind.
People with whom children have a close relationship.
The repressed feelings and instincts to act badly.
The roles and expectations of society.
Socialization begins the moments a person is born.
By adolescence the socialization process is complete.
Socialization ends when one becomes an adult.
One's identity becomes fixed during the process of early socialization.
Microanalysis
Macroanalysis
Content analysis
Organic analysis
Education
Family
Friends
Religion
Exist to protect the rights of those with less power in society.
Provide for some members of society more than for others.
Create meaning for the people who participate in them.
Hold society together.
The social macrostructure.
Collective consciousness.
Class consciousness.
Popular culture.
Communal
Mechanical
Organic
Integrated
Foraging
Pastoral
Agricultural
Horticultural
The production of information services.
An increase in manufacturing jobs.
A large working class of industrial laborers.
A strict division of labor.
Interaction is face-to-face.
Members communicate with each other.
Members share goals and norms.
Members possess an awareness of themselves as "we".
Status
Occupation
Role
Role set
Acquired Status
Assumed Status
Ascribed Status
Achieved Status
Opposites attract.
There is not pattern to interpersonal attraction.
Attraction to people who are very similar to us is most common.
Politics do not matter when it comes to love.
2.
3.
6.
9.
Social networks.
Social institutions.
Groupthink.
Group size effects.
The tendency for triads to develop into a pair and an isolate.
The likelihood of dyads to be stable.
The emergence of coalitions.
The predisposition for primary groups to be small.
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