Sociology final 2
50 Questions I 19 Attempts I Created By Angelsdolphin12 1082 days ago| Q.1) |
51. The ____ refers to the
number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a
given year. |
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| Q.2) |
52. The ____ is an important
reflection of a society's level of preventive (prenatal) medical care, maternal
nutrition, childbirth procedures, and neonatal care for infants. |
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| D. |
| Q.3) |
53. Slavery is the most
striking example of ____; the 10 - 20 million Africans forcibly transported to
the |
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| D. |
| Q.4) |
54. Changes in fertility,
mortality, and migration affect the ____ which refers to the biological and
social characteristics of a population, including age, sex, race, marital
status, education, occupation, income, and size of household. |
| A. |
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| D. |
| Q.5) |
55. ____ are a series of bar
graphs divided into five-year age cohorts, with the left side depicting the
number or percentage of males in each age bracket; the right side provides the
same information for females. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.6) |
56. Sociologist Robert
Crosnoe has suggested that |
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| Q.7) |
57. English economist ____
was one of the first scholars to systematically study the effects of
population. Displeased with societal changes brought about by the Industrial
Revolution in |
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| C. |
| D. |
| Q.8) |
58. According to economist
Thomas Malthus, the population, if left unchecked, would exceed the ____. |
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| D. |
| Q.9) |
59. English economist Thomas
Malthus argued that the population would increase in a geometric (exponential)
progression while the food supply would increase only by an arithmetic
progression; thus, a ____ occurs. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.10) |
60. According to economist
Thomas Malthus, when a ____ occurs, population growth inevitably surpasses the
food supply; and the lack of food ultimately ends population growth and perhaps
eliminates the existing population. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.11) |
61. According to economist
Thomas Malthus, which of the following is not a positive check on population? |
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| C. |
| D. |
| Q.12) |
62. For economist Thomas
Malthus, ____ is the only acceptable preventive check on population. |
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| Q.13) |
63. Sociologist Karl Marx provided
several views on overpopulation. Which of the following was not a view offered
by Marx on overpopulation? |
| A. |
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| C. |
| D. |
| Q.14) |
64. According to some
contemporary economists using a Marxist perspective, the greatest crisis today
facing low-income nations is ____. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.15) |
65. According to the ____,
overpopulation and rapid population growth result in global environmental
problems, ranging from global warming and rain-forest destruction to famine and
vulnerability to epidemics. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.16) |
66. Neo-Malthusians refer to
____ as the point at which no population increase occurs from year to year as
because the number of births plus immigrants is equal to the number of deaths
plus emigrants. |
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| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.17) |
67. During the demographic
transition stage of ____, little population growth occurs because high birth
rates are offset by high death rates. Food shortages, poor sanitation, and lack
of adequate medical care contribute to high rates of infant and child
mortality. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.18) |
68. During the demographic
transition stage of ____, significant population growth occurs because birth
rates are relatively high whereas death rates decline. Improvements in health,
sanitation, and nutrition produce a substantial decline in infant mortality
rates. Overpopulation is likely to occur because more people are alive than the
society has the ability to support. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.19) |
69. During the demographic
transition stage of ____, very little population growth occurs because both
birth rates and death rates are low. The birth rate declines as couples control
their fertility through contraceptives and become less likely to adhere to
religious directives against their use. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.20) |
70. During the demographic
transition stage of ____, birth rates continue to decline as more women gain
full-time employment and the cost of raising children continues to increase.
The population grows very slowly, if at all, because the decrease in birth
rates is coupled with a stable death rate. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.21) |
71. A conflict perspective on
migration, the ____ suggests that immigrants from low-income countries are
often recruited for secondary-labor market positions, dead-end jobs with low
wages, unstable employment, and some-times hazardous working conditions. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.22) |
72. ____ views migration as
linked to the problems caused by capitalist development around the world. As
the natural resources, land, and work force in low-income countries with little
or no industrialization have come under the influence of international markets,
there has been a corresponding flow of migrants from those nations to the
highly industrialized, high-income countries. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.23) |
73. Sociologists define ____
as the alteration, modification, or transformation of public policy, culture,
or social institutions over time. It is usually brought about by collective
behavior and social movements. |
| A. |
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| C. |
| D. |
| Q.24) |
74. ____ is voluntary, often
spontaneous activity that is engaged in by a large number of people and
typically violates dominant group norms and values. |
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| C. |
| D. |
| Q.25) |
75. Unlike the ____ behavior
that is found in corporations and voluntary associations (such as labor unions),
collective behavior lacks an official division of labor, hierarchy of
authority, and established rules and procedures. |
| A. |
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| C. |
| D. |
| Q.26) |
76. Unlike ____ behavior (for
example, in education, religion, or politics), collective behavior lacks
established norms to govern behavior. |
| A. |
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| C. |
| D. |
| Q.27) |
77. Collective behavior
occurs as a result of some common influence or stimulus that produces a
response from a/an ____, which is a number of people who act together and may
mutually transcend, bypass, or subvert established institutional patterns and
structures. |
| A. |
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| D. |
| Q.28) |
78. Three major factors contribute to the
likelihood that collective behavior will occur. Which of the following factors
is not identified as contributing to collective behavior occurring? |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.29) |
79. Sociologist Herbert
Blumer developed a typology in which crowds are divided into four categories.
Which of the following was not a crowd category identified by Blumer? |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.30) |
80. ____ crowds are
relatively large gatherings of people who happen to be in the same place at the
same time; if they interact at all, it is only briefly. |
| A. |
| B. |
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| D. |
| Q.31) |
81. ____ crowds are made up
of people who come together for a scheduled event and thus share a common focus. |
| A. |
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| D. |
| Q.32) |
82. ____ crowds provide
opportunities for the display of some strong emotion (such as joy, excitement,
or grief). People release their pent-up emotions in conjunction with other
persons experiencing similar emotions. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.33) |
83. ____ crowds are
collectivities so intensely focused on a specific purpose or object that they
may erupt into violent or destructive behavior. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.34) |
84. Mobs, riots, and panics
are all examples of ____ crowds. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.35) |
85. A(n) ____ is highly
emotional crowd whose members engage in, or are ready to engage in, violence
against a specific target (such as a person, a category of people, or physical
property.) |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.36) |
86. A(n) ____ is violent
crowd behavior that is fueled by deep-seated emotions but not directed at one
specific target. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.37) |
87. Sociologists Clark
McPhail and Ronald Wohlstein added ____ crowds to the four types of crowds
identified by Blumer. These types of crowds engage in activities intended to
achieve specific political goals. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.38) |
88. Examples of ____ crowds
include sit-ins, marches, boycotts, blockades, and strikes. |
| A. |
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| C. |
| D. |
| Q.39) |
89. ____ focused on crowd
psychology and developed the contagion theory. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.40) |
90. ____ focuses on the
social-psychological aspects of collective behavior; it attempts to explain how
moods, attitudes, and behavior are communicated rapidly and why they are accepted
by others. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.41) |
91. According to sociologist
Robert Park, social unrest is transmitted by a process of ____, which is the
interactive communication between persons such that the discontent of one
person is communicated to another, who, in turn, reflects the discontent back
to the first person. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.42) |
92. ____ focuses on the
shared emotions, goals, and beliefs that many people may bring to crowd
behavior. Because of their individual characteristics, many people have a
predisposition to participate in certain types of activities. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.43) |
93. Applying the convergence
theory in his study of a lynch mob, social psychologist Hadley Cantril found
that ____ |
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| C. |
| D. |
| Q.44) |
94. ____ theory emphasizes
the importance of social norms in shaping crowd behavior. |
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| B. |
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| D. |
| Q.45) |
95. Drawing on the ____
perspective, sociologists Ralph Turner and Lewis Killian asserted that crowds
develop their own definition of a situation and establish norms for behavior
that fit the occasion. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.46) |
96. Sociologists using the
____ approach seek to determine how individuals in a given collectivity develop
an understanding of what is going on, how they construe these activities, and
what type of behaviors are involved. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.47) |
97. In a study of public
opinion on environmental issues, sociologist Riley Dunlap found that public
awareness of the seriousness of environmental problems and support for
environmental protection ____. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.48) |
98. ____ is an organized
group that acts consciously to promote or resist change through collective
action. It differs from collective behavior because it tends to be longer lasting,
is more organized, and has specific goals or pur-poses. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.49) |
99. ____ movements seek to
improve society by changing some specific aspect of the social structure. Members
usually work within the existing system to attempt to change existing public
policy so that it more adequately re-flects their own value system. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
| Q.50) |
100. ____ movements seek to
bring about a total change in society. These movements usually do not attempt
to work within the existing system; rather, they aim to remake the system by
replacing existing institutions with new ones. |
| A. |
| B. |
| C. |
| D. |
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