Psyc 220 Brain And Behavior Exam Practice Test
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Welcome learner, psychology is an exciting but complex subject. Since every human is different from their diverse thought process, it becomes complicated to understand one's psychology. That's why this subject is an excellent center of attraction for scientific research. But we aren't going that deep with this quiz right now. This quiz is based upon the course PSYC 220, and you will be asked questions of many rules of psychology. So, carefully read each question and answer it accurately.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Physical activities such as sucking, grasping, and walking are examples of...
- A.
Behavioral schemes
- B.
Behavioral adaptations
- C.
Mental schemes
- D.
Mental adaptations
Correct Answer
A. Behavioral schemesExplanation
Physical activities such as sucking, grasping, and walking are examples of behavioral schemes. Behavioral schemes refer to the actions and behaviors that individuals perform in response to their environment. These schemes involve the coordination of sensory and motor activities and are essential for the development and adaptation of an individual's behavior. In the given examples, sucking, grasping, and walking are all physical actions that infants engage in to interact with their surroundings and learn about their environment. These behaviors are considered behavioral schemes as they involve the coordination of sensory input and motor responses.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Solving a puzzle is an example of a:
- A.
Behavioral scheme
- B.
Mental adaptation
- C.
Mental scheme
- D.
Behavioral adaptation
Correct Answer
C. Mental schemeExplanation
Solving a puzzle involves using mental processes and strategies to analyze and manipulate information. It requires cognitive skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and logical reasoning. Therefore, it can be considered an example of a mental scheme, which refers to the organized patterns of thought and knowledge that individuals use to understand and navigate the world around them. Mental schemes help individuals make sense of new information and apply existing knowledge to different situations.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following is a key criticism of Jean Piaget's theory of sensorimotor cognitive development?
- A.
Infants are more competent than Piaget thought
- B.
Infants are less competent than Piaget thought
- C.
Piaget failed to conduct observations in controlled settings
- D.
Piaget failed to conduct observations in the infant's every day environment
Correct Answer
A. Infants are more competent than Piaget thoughtExplanation
One key criticism of Jean Piaget's theory of sensorimotor cognitive development is that infants are more competent than Piaget thought. This means that infants are capable of more complex cognitive processes and behaviors at an earlier age than Piaget believed. This criticism suggests that Piaget may have underestimated the abilities and understanding of infants during the sensorimotor stage of development.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A newborn widens her eyes after her mother widens her eyes and mouth and smiles at the baby. Meltzoff would say that this baby is:
- A.
Habituating to the mother's facial expressions
- B.
Exhibiting a reflex
- C.
Engaging in true imitation
- D.
Showing deferred imitation
Correct Answer
D. Showing deferred imitationExplanation
The baby widening her eyes after her mother widens her eyes and mouth and smiles at her suggests that the baby is engaging in deferred imitation. Deferred imitation refers to the ability to imitate actions or behaviors that have been observed in the past. In this case, the baby is imitating the facial expressions she previously observed from her mother, indicating the ability to remember and imitate actions after a delay.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Cases like the wild boy of Aveyron and Genie cause us to wonder whether language is:
- A.
Due more to heredity or to environment
- B.
Infinitely generative
- C.
Based on abstract or concrete symbols
- D.
More a question of phonology or syntax
Correct Answer
A. Due more to heredity or to environmentExplanation
Language development is influenced by both heredity and environment. The cases of the wild boy of Aveyron and Genie, who were deprived of normal linguistic exposure during their critical periods of language development, suggest that the environment plays a crucial role in language acquisition. However, heredity also plays a part as individuals are born with innate language-learning abilities. Therefore, language development is a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors.Rate this question:
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- 6.
An example of the basic unit of sound in the English language is the sound the letter "m" makes. This sound is called...
- A.
Morpheme
- B.
Phoneme
- C.
Graphene
- D.
Syntax
Correct Answer
B. PhonemeExplanation
A phoneme is the basic unit of sound in a language. In the English language, the sound that the letter "m" makes is an example of a phoneme. Phonemes are the individual sounds that make up words and can be combined to create different words and meanings. They are important in language development and understanding, as they help distinguish between different words and convey meaning.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Someone with a vocabulary of only 200 words can recombine the words in different ways to say thousands of different things. This aspect of language is referred to as...
- A.
Phonology
- B.
Syntax
- C.
Morphology
- D.
Infinite generativity
Correct Answer
B. SyntaxExplanation
Syntax refers to the rules and principles that govern how words are combined to form meaningful sentences in a language. It involves the arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses to create grammatically correct and meaningful expressions. In this context, someone with a limited vocabulary of 200 words can still express a wide range of ideas and thoughts by rearranging those words in different syntactic structures. Therefore, the aspect of language described in the question, where words can be recombined in different ways to convey thousands of different meanings, aligns with the concept of syntax.Rate this question:
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- 8.
In the word "falling," both "fall" and "ing" are considered...
- A.
Phonemes
- B.
Syntax
- C.
Graphemes
- D.
Morphemes
Correct Answer
D. MorphemesExplanation
In the word "falling," both "fall" and "ing" are considered morphemes. A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a language. "Fall" is a free morpheme, as it can stand alone and still have meaning. "Ing" is a bound morpheme, as it cannot stand alone and only has meaning when attached to a base word. Therefore, the correct answer is morphemes.Rate this question:
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- 9.
If someone says to you, "Wilfred gave a gift to Marsha" you know who gave the gift and who received it because you understand the -- of the sentence.
- A.
Semantics
- B.
Pragmatics
- C.
Syntax
- D.
Primitive symbols
Correct Answer
C. SyntaxExplanation
Syntax refers to the structure and arrangement of words in a sentence. It deals with the rules and principles that govern how words are combined to form meaningful sentences. In this case, the syntax of the sentence "Wilfred gave a gift to Marsha" allows us to understand that Wilfred is the one who gave the gift and Marsha is the one who received it. The word order and grammatical structure of the sentence help us determine the roles of the different elements in the sentence.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Baby Melissa has developed a sucking scheme. She knows that to get food, she must suck on her mother's breast. Now her mother has begun to introduce solid foods with a spoon. Melissa immediately sucks on the spoon. This is an example of...
- A.
Accommodation
- B.
Assimilation
- C.
Amalgamation
- D.
Application
Correct Answer
B. AssimilationExplanation
Assimilation is the process of incorporating new information into existing schemas or mental frameworks. In this scenario, Baby Melissa has already developed a sucking scheme for obtaining food from her mother's breast. When her mother introduces solid foods with a spoon, Melissa immediately sucks on the spoon, applying her existing sucking scheme to the new object. This demonstrates assimilation as Melissa is using her existing knowledge and adapting it to the new situation.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Three-year-old Jesse used to call all moving vehicles "car." He now accurately categorizes moving vehicles into trucks, cars, motorcycles, and buses. Jesse has -- to fit new information into his existing scheme.
- A.
Applied
- B.
Amalgamated
- C.
Assimilated
- D.
Accommodated
Correct Answer
D. AccommodatedExplanation
Jesse has accommodated new information into his existing scheme. This means that he has adjusted or adapted his understanding of moving vehicles to include more specific categories such as trucks, cars, motorcycles, and buses. Instead of simply referring to all moving vehicles as "car," Jesse now accurately categorizes them based on their specific characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Trenton was playing in the sandbox. He was pouring sand from a short, fat container into a tall, skinny container. When he poured the sand into the tall, skinny container, it looked to him as if it had more sand in it. Trenton could not figure out where the extra sand came from, and how it got into his container. As Trenton continues to try to solve this puzzle, he will experience considerable movement between stages of cognitive -- and -- to produce cognitive change.
- A.
Equilibrium; disequilibrium
- B.
Adaptation; organization
- C.
Classification; modification
- D.
Equilibrium; categorization
Correct Answer
A. Equilibrium; disequilibriumExplanation
As Trenton tries to solve the puzzle of where the extra sand came from, he will experience considerable movement between stages of cognitive equilibrium and disequilibrium. This means that initially, Trenton had a mental balance or understanding of how the sand was being poured from one container to another. However, when he noticed that the tall, skinny container appeared to have more sand, it created a state of cognitive disequilibrium as it contradicted his previous understanding. This cognitive conflict will prompt Trenton to reevaluate his thinking and potentially lead to cognitive change as he tries to make sense of the situation.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Josh is three months old. He is in which of Piaget's substages of sensorimotor development?
- A.
Simple reflexes
- B.
First habits and primary circular reactions
- C.
Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity
- D.
Secondary circular reactions
Correct Answer
B. First habits and primary circular reactionsExplanation
At three months old, Josh is in Piaget's first stage of sensorimotor development, which is characterized by the development of first habits and primary circular reactions. In this stage, infants begin to repeat actions that bring them pleasure and start to develop simple habits. They also engage in circular reactions, where they repeat actions involving their own bodies, such as sucking their thumb, for their own enjoyment.Rate this question:
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- 14.
When first born, Monica showed the typical grasping reflex by closing her fingers around anything that brushed against her palm. After a few weeks, she shows this grasping behavior even when nothing touches her palm. Monica has developed a --, or a scheme based on a reflex that has become completely separated from its eliciting stimulus.
- A.
Simple reflex
- B.
Primitive symbol
- C.
Habit
- D.
Circular reaction
Correct Answer
C. HabitExplanation
Monica's behavior of grasping anything that brushed against her palm initially was a reflex, which is an automatic response to a specific stimulus. However, over time, Monica started showing this grasping behavior even when nothing touched her palm. This indicates that she has developed a habit, which is a learned behavior that becomes automatic and independent of the original stimulus. The habit of grasping has become separated from its eliciting stimulus, suggesting that Monica's behavior is no longer a reflex but a habitual action.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Antonio swings his arms while lying in his crib. One of his arms accidentally hits the mobile hanging above him. This causes the mobile to begin to move. Antonio continues to swing his arms but is unable to strike the mobile above him again. This is an example of:
- A.
Primary circular reaction
- B.
Secondary circular reaction
- C.
Reflex
- D.
Habit
Correct Answer
A. Primary circular reactionExplanation
Antonio swinging his arms and accidentally hitting the mobile above him, causing it to move, is an example of a primary circular reaction. This type of reaction involves the repetition of an action that initially occurred by chance and is then repeated for the pleasure or interest it brings. In this case, Antonio's arm hitting the mobile was accidental, but he continues to swing his arms in order to recreate the interesting movement of the mobile. This demonstrates the circular nature of the reaction, as Antonio is repeating the action to continue experiencing the outcome.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Sarah, age seven months, loves banging repeatedly on a toy that lights up and plays music on impact. Sarah is in Piaget's substage of...
- A.
Reflexes
- B.
Tertiary circular reaction
- C.
Primary circular reaction
- D.
Secondary circular reaction
Correct Answer
B. Tertiary circular reactionExplanation
Sarah, at seven months old, is in Piaget's substage of tertiary circular reaction. This substage occurs between the ages of 12 to 18 months and is characterized by the repetition of actions that produce interesting or enjoyable outcomes. In this case, Sarah is repeatedly banging on a toy that lights up and plays music, which she finds rewarding. This behavior demonstrates the circular nature of her actions and her ability to intentionally interact with her environment to achieve a desired outcome.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Eleven-month old Jenny retrieves toys from under the sofa by using her toy golf club. She is in Piaget's -- sensorimotor stage.
- A.
Primary circular reactions
- B.
Coordination of secondary circular reactions
- C.
Tertiary circular reactions
- D.
Secondary circular reactions
Correct Answer
D. Secondary circular reactionsExplanation
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the sensorimotor stage is the first stage that occurs from birth to around 2 years old. During this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and actions. Secondary circular reactions, which occur between 4 to 8 months old, involve the repetition of actions that produce interesting or enjoyable outcomes. In the given scenario, Jenny is using her toy golf club to retrieve toys from under the sofa, which demonstrates her ability to engage in purposeful actions to achieve a desired outcome. This aligns with the characteristics of secondary circular reactions and indicates that Jenny is in Piaget's sensorimotor stage.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Heather crawls from her room into the hallway to look for her mother after she leaves. According to Piaget, this shows that she is capable of...
- A.
Telegraphic thinking
- B.
Object permanence
- C.
Symbolic manipulation
- D.
Infinite generativity
Correct Answer
B. Object permanenceExplanation
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not directly perceived. In this scenario, Heather's ability to crawl from her room into the hallway to look for her mother after she leaves indicates that she has developed object permanence. She understands that her mother still exists even though she cannot see her in the room anymore.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Six-month-old Jamal understands that when he swings his toy bear at his mobile, the mobile will swing around. This is because Jamal understands...
- A.
Causality
- B.
Object permanence
- C.
Schemas
- D.
Internalized representation
Correct Answer
A. CausalityExplanation
Causality refers to the understanding that one event causes another event to occur. In this scenario, Jamal understands that when he swings his toy bear at the mobile, it causes the mobile to swing around. This shows that Jamal has an understanding of cause and effect relationships, indicating his grasp of causality.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Two-year-old Anita has learned the word "dog" to identify the family pet Rover. Now Anita says the word dog when she sees any animal. Anita has -- these animals into her existing scheme.
- A.
Amalgamated
- B.
Accommodated
- C.
Assimilated
- D.
Applied
Correct Answer
C. AssimilatedExplanation
Anita has assimilated these animals into her existing scheme. This means that she has incorporated or absorbed these animals into her understanding or categorization of the word "dog." She now uses the word "dog" to refer to any animal she sees, not just Rover.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Farah shows her baby a colorful block several times. The baby looks carefully at the block at first, but then turns her attention to a different toy after seeing the block a few times. The baby is showing...
- A.
Memory
- B.
Dishabituation
- C.
Imitation
- D.
Habituation
Correct Answer
D. HabituationExplanation
The baby's initial interest in the colorful block and subsequent disinterest after repeated exposure suggests habituation. Habituation occurs when a stimulus becomes familiar or repetitive, leading to a decrease in attention or response. In this case, the baby's attention shifts to a different toy, indicating a decreased response to the block due to habituation.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Andrew, age 8 months, suffered some brain damage at birth. His identical twin, Alex, had no brain damage. Research on habituation would predict that:
- A.
There is no research on infants and habituation
- B.
Andrew will no habituate as well as Alex
- C.
Alex with not habituate as well as Andrew
- D.
Both twins will habituate at the same level
Correct Answer
B. Andrew will no habituate as well as AlexExplanation
Habituation refers to a decrease in response to a repeated stimulus over time. In this case, since Andrew suffered brain damage at birth, it is likely that his ability to habituate to stimuli will be affected. On the other hand, Alex, who did not experience brain damage, is expected to habituate normally. Therefore, the correct answer is that Andrew will not habituate as well as Alex.Rate this question:
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- 23.
When Abraham describes to his friend what he did last summer, he is relying on his -- memory.
- A.
Explicit
- B.
Implicit
- C.
Procedural
- D.
Semantic
Correct Answer
A. ExplicitExplanation
Abraham is able to describe what he did last summer because he is relying on his explicit memory. Explicit memory refers to the conscious recollection of facts and events, which Abraham is able to recall and share with his friend. This type of memory involves the deliberate retrieval of information from the past, and it is the opposite of implicit memory, which is unconscious and involves skills and habits. Procedural memory relates to the memory of how to perform tasks, while semantic memory involves general knowledge and concepts.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Mandy sees a little girl in the grocery store throwing a screaming tantrum to get a toy. The next week at the mall, Mandy begins screaming and crying to get some candy. Many is showing....
- A.
Object permanence
- B.
Dishabituation
- C.
Deferred imitation
- D.
Habituation
Correct Answer
C. Deferred imitationExplanation
Deferred imitation refers to the ability to observe and remember someone's actions and then imitate them at a later time. In this scenario, Mandy is showing deferred imitation because she observed the little girl throwing a tantrum to get a toy and then imitated that behavior by screaming and crying to get candy. Mandy is demonstrating the ability to remember and imitate the actions she observed, even though there was a time delay between the observation and the imitation.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Charisma is six months old and can vocalize pleasure and displeasure, search for objects out of reach, and approach a mirror that is placed infront of her. According to the Bayley Scales of Infant Developent, Charisma...
- A.
Is developing normally
- B.
Is developmentally delayed
- C.
Has an IQ of 110
- D.
Has an IQ of 85
Correct Answer
A. Is developing normallyExplanation
Based on the information provided, Charisma, who is six months old, is exhibiting age-appropriate developmental milestones. She can vocalize pleasure and displeasure, search for objects out of reach, and approach a mirror. These are all typical behaviors for a child of her age. Therefore, according to the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Charisma is developing normally.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Mathias is given the Bayley Scale of Infant Development and does very well on it. His parents are very excited about this and believe this means Mathias will be a geius when he grows up. To help Mathias' parents understand the results of his test, the psychologist should explain to them that infant intelligence scores based on this measure...
- A.
Are good predictors of scores on both the social skills quotient and intelligence quotient
- B.
Are not highly correlated with IQ scores obtained later in childhood
- C.
Are highly correlated with IQ later in childhood
- D.
Are good predictors of later child IQ, but not good predictors of later child intelligence
Correct Answer
B. Are not highly correlated with IQ scores obtained later in childhoodExplanation
The correct answer suggests that infant intelligence scores based on the Bayley Scale of Infant Development are not highly correlated with IQ scores obtained later in childhood. This means that performing well on the Bayley Scale does not necessarily guarantee high IQ scores in the future. It indicates that the test may not accurately predict a child's intelligence as they grow older.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Jim and Joanna are curious to know if their baby will grow up to be a child with a high IQ. Which of the following tests measuring infant development is highly correlated with measures of intelligence in older children and would best suit the purpose?
- A.
Bayley-III
- B.
Brazleton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
- C.
Gesell Test
- D.
Fagan Test
Correct Answer
D. Fagan TestExplanation
The Fagan Test is highly correlated with measures of intelligence in older children and would be the best choice for Jim and Joanna's purpose.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Ben's grandmother gives him a game that she knows he wants. When he opens her gift, he smiles and says, "This is so sick; thanks Gram!" Ben's grandmother does not know if Ben liked the gift or not since she does not understand what he means by "Sick." Obviously, Ben and his grandmother do not share the same ideas about...
- A.
Phonology
- B.
Morphology
- C.
Syntax
- D.
Semantics
Correct Answer
D. SemanticsExplanation
Ben and his grandmother do not share the same ideas about the meaning of the word "sick." Semantics is the study of meaning in language, including how words and phrases are interpreted and understood. In this case, Ben's grandmother is unsure of the meaning of the word "sick" as used by Ben, indicating a difference in their understanding of language and its meanings.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Kyoko is 13 months old and can understand about 50 words but can say only about 10 words. This demonstrates how Kyoko's -- vocabulary is more developed than her -- vocabulary.
- A.
Receptive; spoken
- B.
Spoken; expressive
- C.
Spoken; receptive
- D.
Expressive; spoken
Correct Answer
A. Receptive; spokenExplanation
This answer is correct because it states that Kyoko's receptive vocabulary (the words she can understand) is more developed than her spoken vocabulary (the words she can say). This is supported by the information given in the question, which states that Kyoko can understand about 50 words but can only say about 10 words.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Two year old Max says the word "bunny" for a large hamster and a white rat. Max's error is known as:
- A.
Aphasia
- B.
Telegraphic speech
- C.
Overextension
- D.
Underextension
Correct Answer
C. OverextensionExplanation
Overextension refers to the linguistic error made by a child when they use a word to refer to a broader category of objects or concepts than it actually represents. In this case, Max is using the word "bunny" to refer not only to an actual bunny but also to a large hamster and a white rat. This shows that Max is overextending the meaning of the word "bunny" to include other similar-looking animals.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Two year old Sarai uses the word "doll" to refer to her own Cabbage Patch doll but does not use the word to refer to her sister's Barbie doll. Sarai's error is known as...
- A.
Overextension
- B.
Private speech
- C.
Underextension
- D.
Telegraphic speech
Correct Answer
C. UnderextensionExplanation
Underextension refers to a language development error where a child uses a word to refer to a specific object but fails to apply it to other similar objects. In this case, Sarai uses the word "doll" to refer to her own Cabbage Patch doll but does not extend it to include her sister's Barbie doll. This is an example of underextension because Sarai is limiting the use of the word "doll" to only one specific object instead of applying it to other objects that fall under the same category.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Mariah has suffered brain damage to the left frontal lobe of her brain. When she tries to speak, she struggles to produce words and is unable to say them correctly. Mariah has damage to...
- A.
Wernike's area
- B.
Broca's area
- C.
Ocam's area
- D.
Morton's area
Correct Answer
B. Broca's areaExplanation
Mariah's difficulty in producing words and inability to say them correctly suggest that she has damage to Broca's area. Broca's area is located in the left frontal lobe of the brain and is responsible for the production of speech and language. Damage to this area can result in a condition called Broca's aphasia, characterized by difficulty in forming words and sentences. This explanation is supported by the symptoms described in the question, making Broca's area the most likely area of damage in Mariah's case.Rate this question:
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- 33.
As an infant, Mary suffered damage to the -- of the brain causing her to have poor comprehension. Also, her speech is fluent, but incomprehensible.
- A.
Broca's area
- B.
Morton's area
- C.
Wernike's area
- D.
Ocam's area
Correct Answer
D. Ocam's area -
- 34.
When Alice speaks to her six month old niece, her voice takes on a higher pitch, her speech becomes slower, and she begins using simplistc words and phrases. This change in Aunt Allie's language behavior provides an example of:
- A.
Child-directed speech
- B.
Morphology
- C.
Echoing
- D.
Recasting
Correct Answer
A. Child-directed speechExplanation
Child-directed speech refers to the way adults modify their speech when communicating with young children. In this scenario, Alice modifies her voice by speaking in a higher pitch, slows down her speech, and uses simpler words and phrases. This behavior is commonly observed when adults interact with infants or young children, as it helps to capture their attention, facilitate language development, and make communication more engaging and comprehensible for the child.Rate this question:
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- 35.
As he is rolling his truck up and down the sides of the couch, Nezzy points to his truck and says "My truck." His father responds with, "what's the truck doing?" this is an example of:
- A.
Echoing
- B.
Infant-directed speech
- C.
Morphology
- D.
Recasting
Correct Answer
D. RecastingExplanation
Recasting is the correct answer because Nezzy's father is repeating and rephrasing Nezzy's statement in a different way. Instead of simply acknowledging that it is Nezzy's truck, his father asks what the truck is doing, which is a form of recasting. This technique helps to expand Nezzy's language skills by exposing him to new vocabulary and sentence structures.Rate this question:
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- 36.
As they walk in the park together, Damon's dad points out various objects to him -- flowers, birds, butterflies, slides, swings, vehicles, and so on -- and helps Damon name each of them. Damon's dad is using -- to help his son learn language.
- A.
Echoing
- B.
Encoding
- C.
Labeling
- D.
Listing
Correct Answer
C. LabelingExplanation
Damon's dad is using labeling to help his son learn language. By pointing out various objects and helping Damon name each of them, Damon's dad is providing labels for the objects. This helps Damon associate words with the objects and learn their names, which is an important part of language development.Rate this question:
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- 37.
When ocne uses polite language in formal situations and a personal, informal language in intimate conversations, one is demonstrating the knowledge of --, or the appropriate use of language in different contexts.
- A.
Semantics
- B.
Syntax
- C.
Morphology
- D.
Pragmatics
Correct Answer
D. PragmaticsExplanation
Pragmatics refers to the study of how language is used in different contexts and the meaning that is conveyed through language beyond its literal interpretation. In this case, the use of polite language in formal situations and personal, informal language in intimate conversations demonstrates an understanding of appropriate language use in different contexts. This understanding falls under the realm of pragmatics as it involves the social and cultural aspects of language use.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which of the following is most likely to be a child's first word?
- A.
Dog
- B.
Soft
- C.
Pretty
- D.
Fast
Correct Answer
A. DogExplanation
A child's first word is most likely to be "dog" because it is a simple and common word that is often repeated by adults when referring to pets. Additionally, dogs are commonly found in households and are often a child's first encounter with animals. The word "soft" may be too abstract for a child to grasp as their first word, while "pretty" and "fast" are less commonly used in everyday conversations with children.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which of the following is least likely to be a child's first word?
- A.
Sticky
- B.
Doll
- C.
Car
- D.
Mom
Correct Answer
A. StickyExplanation
"Sticky" is least likely to be a child's first word because it is not a common object or person that a child would interact with on a daily basis. Children typically learn their first words by imitating the sounds they hear from their immediate environment, such as "Mom" or common objects like "Doll" or "Car". "Sticky" is not a word that a child would commonly hear or have a reason to say as their first word.Rate this question:
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- 40.
A child's expansive vocabulary is directly correlated with his or her parents'
- A.
IQ
- B.
Age
- C.
Verbal interactions with the child
- D.
Emotional bonding
Correct Answer
C. Verbal interactions with the childExplanation
Verbal interactions with the child are directly correlated with a child's expansive vocabulary. This means that when parents engage in conversation and communicate frequently with their child, it helps the child develop a wider range of words and language skills. The more parents talk and interact with their child, the more exposure the child has to different words and language patterns, which in turn enhances their vocabulary.Rate this question:
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- 41.
A study of young children living in low income families found that -- when predicting the vocabulary development of children.
- A.
The amount of maternal talk was more important than the amount of paternal talk
- B.
The amount of maternal talk was less important than maternal literary skills
- C.
Nutrition and SES were more important than the amount of maternal talk or maternal literacy skills
- D.
Attending preschool or Head Start was more important than paternal talk but less important than maternal talk.
Correct Answer
B. The amount of maternal talk was less important than maternal literary skills -
- 42.
Which of the following has NOT been associated with childrens' vocabulary development
- A.
How much mothers speak to their children
- B.
Maternal language and literacy skills
- C.
Use of diverse language
- D.
The presence of older siblings
Correct Answer
D. The presence of older siblingsExplanation
The presence of older siblings has not been associated with children's vocabulary development. While factors such as how much mothers speak to their children, maternal language and literacy skills, and the use of diverse language have been found to have an impact on vocabulary development, the presence of older siblings has not been consistently linked to this aspect of language development.Rate this question:
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- 43.
As discussed in chapter 4, the infant's ability to regulate emotions is tied to...
- A.
Parental history of emotional control
- B.
The pace of myelination in the parietal lobe
- C.
The gradual maturation of the frontal regions of the cerebral cortex
- D.
The growth of the cerebellum in the initial four months after birth
Correct Answer
C. The gradual maturation of the frontal regions of the cerebral cortexExplanation
The gradual maturation of the frontal regions of the cerebral cortex is tied to the infant's ability to regulate emotions. This is because the frontal regions of the cerebral cortex are responsible for executive functions, including emotional regulation. As these regions mature, the infant becomes better at regulating their emotions and responding to emotional stimuli. This development is influenced by genetic factors as well as environmental factors, such as parenting style and attachment.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which of the following statements about emotions is FALSE?
- A.
Social relationships provide the setting for the development of a rich variety of emotions
- B.
Embeddedness in relationships prevents diversity in emotional experiences
- C.
Emotions are the first language which parents and infants communicate
- D.
Biological evolution has endowed human beings to be emotional
Correct Answer
B. Embeddedness in relationships prevents diversity in emotional experiencesExplanation
This statement is false because embeddedness in relationships actually enhances diversity in emotional experiences. Social relationships provide individuals with different perspectives, experiences, and interactions, which can lead to a wider range of emotions. Therefore, being embedded in relationships can actually promote diversity in emotional experiences rather than prevent it.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which of the following is NOT primary emotion?
- A.
Pride
- B.
Fear
- C.
Anger
- D.
Joy
Correct Answer
A. PrideExplanation
Pride is not considered a primary emotion because it is often seen as a secondary emotion that arises from a sense of accomplishment or self-worth. Primary emotions are typically considered to be basic and instinctual, such as fear, anger, and joy, which are believed to be universally experienced across cultures. While pride can be a powerful and positive emotion, it is often seen as more complex and influenced by societal and cultural factors.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which of the following is an "other-conscious" emotion
- A.
Fear
- B.
Interest
- C.
Pride
- D.
Disgust
Correct Answer
A. FearExplanation
Fear is considered an "other-conscious" emotion because it involves the perception and awareness of potential threats or dangers from the external world. It is a response to the presence or anticipation of something that may cause harm or distress, and this reaction is often influenced by the actions or intentions of others. Fear can be triggered by the behavior or actions of other individuals, making it an emotion that is closely tied to our awareness of others and their impact on our well-being.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which of the following terms is used to describe the exchange of emotions between the infant and parents, when all is going well?
- A.
Other-conscious
- B.
Innate
- C.
Synchronus
- D.
Regulated
Correct Answer
C. SynchronusExplanation
Synchronus is the correct answer because it is used to describe the exchange of emotions between the infant and parents when everything is going well. This term suggests that there is a harmonious and coordinated interaction between the infant and parents, where their emotions are synchronized and mutually understood. It implies a positive and responsive relationship between the infant and parents, where they are attuned to each other's emotional cues and needs.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of crying?
- A.
It is the most important mechanism newborns have for communicating with their world
- B.
Newborns respond with positive facial expressions when they hear other newborns cry
- C.
It provides information about the health of the newborn's CNS
- D.
The first cry verifies that the baby's lungs have filled with air.
Correct Answer
B. Newborns respond with positive facial expressions when they hear other newborns cryExplanation
Newborns respond with positive facial expressions when they hear other newborns cry.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Babies have three types of cries. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
- A.
The anger cry
- B.
The hunger cry
- C.
The pain cry
- D.
The basic cry
Correct Answer
B. The hunger cryExplanation
The hunger cry is NOT one of the three types of cries that babies have. Babies cry when they are angry, in pain, or when they have basic needs such as sleep or a diaper change. The hunger cry is a common type of cry that indicates the baby is hungry and needs to be fed.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Two month old Trey is crying loudly. His cry starts with a piercing shrill sound. Then there is a long period where Trey holds his breath, and then the next crying sound comes out. This type of cry indicates that Trey is..
- A.
Very angry
- B.
Very tired
- C.
Very hungry
- D.
In pain
Correct Answer
D. In painExplanation
Trey's cry starting with a piercing shrill sound suggests that he is experiencing discomfort or distress. The long period where he holds his breath before the next crying sound indicates that he is in pain. This pattern of crying is commonly associated with infants who are experiencing physical pain or discomfort.Rate this question:
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Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
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Current Version
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 10, 2011Quiz Created by
Almi325
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