______ lines run east and
west and are parallel across the earth's surface
2.
lines of ______ stretch from the North Pole to the South Pole
3.
A contour line connects points of _____ elevation. A contour line never branches or ____.
4.
When contour lines cross streams or dry stream
channels, they form a “__” that points ____stream. (in the _____ direction of the streams current)
5.
-be
able to find the topographic relief of a map
____
is defined as the difference in _____ between two points on a map. ____ ____ is the difference between the _____and ______ points on a map. ____ ____ refers to the difference in elevation between two specified points, for
example, a hill and a nearby valley.
6.
-be
able to calculate the gradient of a stream
____ _____is the grade (slope) measured by the ratio of drop in a stream per unit distance, usually
expressed as feet per mile or meters per kilometer.
On topographic
maps, ____ ______ can be easily approximated if the scale of
the map and the contour intervals are known. Contour lines form a V-shape on
the map, pointing upstream. By counting the number of lines that cross a
certain segment of a stream, multiplying this by the contour interval, and
dividing that quantity by the length of the stream segment you can determine
the stream gradient.
Because stream gradient is customarily given in feet per 1000 feet
you should measure the amount a stream segment rises and the length of the
stream segment in feet, then multiply feet per foot gradient by 1000. For
example, if one measures a scale mile along the stream length, and counts three
contour lines crossed on a map with ten-foot contours, the gradient is
approximately 5.7 feet per 1000 feet, a fairly steep gradient.
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