Once again, some questions that will be on the exam. =]
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, but no water
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water.
Sodium, potassium,calcium, chloride, and phosphorus
Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Sodium, potassium, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Adipose tissue
Blood
Pancreas
Muscular tissue
Liver
Forming myelin around nerve fibers
Forming of the skeletal muscle fibers
Plasma membrane structure
Cushioning around soft organs
Chemical structure of hormones
Low-density lipoproteins
Triglycerides
High-density lipoproteins
Chylomicrons
Very-low-density lipoproteins
High SFA : low HDL
High LDL : low HDL
High HDL : low LDL
High chylomicron : low LDL
High LDL : low chylomicron
Nucleic acids
Glycolipids
Glycoproteins
Amino acids
ATP
Carbohydrates and fats; proteins
Proteins and carbohydrates; fats
Fats; carbohydrates and proteins
Proteins; fats and carbohydrates
Carbohydrates;fats and proteins
The pancreas
The diet
The liver
The small intestines
The gallbladder
The muscular system
The skeletal system
The lymphatic system
The integumentary system
The cardiovascular system
Incomplete
Net
Fibrous
Complete
Globular
Enzymatic reactions
Serving as cofactors for enzymes
Transport of blood lipids
Muscle contraction
Blood viscosity and osmolarity
Micronutrients; macronutrients
Inorganic elements; organic compounds
Water-soluble elements; lipid-soluble compunds
Incomplete nutrients; complete nutrients
Inessential nutrients; essential nutrients
Patients with muscle atrophy
Growing children
Weightlifters
Body builders
Pregnant women
D(calcitroil)
C(ascorbic acid)
E (a- tocopherol)
A (retinol)
B6 (pyridoxine)
Pyruvic acid
Lactic acid
Acetyl-CoA
Carbon dioxide
Glucose
Transports electrons to the mitochondrion.
Is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
Directly transfers electrons and protons to NAD+ and FAD
Directly receives electrons and protons from NAD+ and FAD
Is the only substrate of aerobic respiration.
Gluconeogenesis
Glycolysis
Glycogen catabolism
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenesis
Lactic acid
Glucose
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Pyruvic acid
HDL
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
LDL
Fatty acids
Glycogen
Lactic acid
Acetyl-CoA
Pyruvic acid
Glucose
38; none
38; 2
2; about the same, varying from one tissue to another
38; about the same, varying from one tissue to another
38; 36
Anaerobic fermentation.
Glycolysis.
The citric acid cycle.
Electron transfer from FADH2.
The mitochondrial proton pumps.
Ketogenesis
Beta oxidation.
Lipogenesis
The fat-sparing effect.
Lipolysis.
Beta oxidation of α-ketoglutaric acid
Lipolysis
Transamination of urea
Deamination of glutamic acid
Amination of keto acids
129 ATP.
38 ATP
2 ATP
36 ATP
18 ATP
Pyruvic acid; acidosis
Triglycerides; new triglycerides
Ketone bodies; acidosis
Acetyl-CoA; acidosis
Glycerol; alkalosis
Synthesize
Aminate
Transaminate
Deaminate
Digest
Hepatic sinusoids.
Gastric mucosa.
Splenic sinusoids.
Intestinal mucosa.
Pancreatic islets.
Convert ammonia to urea.
Produce insulin and glucagon.
Carry out most beta oxidation.
Synthesize cholesterol.
Synthesize glucose from fats and amino acids.
Secretion of digestive enzymes.
Glycogenesis.
Detoxification.
Phagocytosis.
Synthesis of plasma proteins
Blood glucose rises
Lipids are stored in adipose tissue.
Glycerol is used for gluconeogenesis.
Protein synthesis is active.
Glucose is stored by glycogenesis.
The initial weight loss is mostly fat.
Water is lost quickly but other weight is harder to lose.
Will power often weakens as the diet progresses.
The body lowers its metabolic rate when it loses weight.
As a diet progresses, the body produces more fat even with the same caloric intake.
Lipolysis is active.
Fatty acids are oxidized for fuel.
Gluconeogenesis is suppressed.
Lipolysis is active.
Blood glucose falls.
Is engaged in normal physical activity but not strenuous exercise.
Is in the absorptive state.
Has just eaten a meal of no more than 2000 kcal.
First rises in the morning.
Is sleeping.
Gastrin
Insulin
Growth hormone
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Secretin
Starvation
Anxiety
Fever
Eating a big meal
Pregnancy
5
10
30
50
60
Insulin; glucagon and epinephrine
Insulin; aldosterone
Growth hormone; glucagon and epinephrine
Growth hormone; cortisol
Growth hormone; insulin
10
20
40
80
90
Oxidizes its spare protein before it depletes its fat reserves.
Metabolizes fats and proteins through the same metabolic pathways.
Must have an adequate protein intake in order to absorb and metabolize fats.
Does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first.
Does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first
Evaporation
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Forced convection
Convection
Evaporation
Nonshivering thermogenesis
Shivering thermogenesis
Radiation
Convection
Cutaneous vasoconstriction
Nonshivering thermogensis
Cutaneous vasodilation
Diaphoresis
Radiation.
Conduction.
ATP hydrolysis.
Vasodilation.
Glycolysis
Extreme electrolyte loss in the sweat.
Denaturation of proteins in the brain tissue.
Excessive heat loss from the body.
A high rate of conduction and convection.
A high humidity that retards evaporative cooling.
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