1.
Which of these elements is NOT a constituent of Carbohydrates?
Correct Answer
D. Nitrogen
Explanation
Carbohydrates strictly consist of Carbon, and the components of Water ('hydro') - Hydrogen & Oxygen. Hence, Carbo+Hydrate
2.
Another word that might describe complex carbohydrates is...
Correct Answer
C. Polysaccharide
Explanation
"poly" means "many"; a complex carbohydrate consists of many simpler carbohydrate molecules linked together.
3.
Carbon is the basis for carbohydrates and all other biologically important molecules. All of the following are reasons why Carbon lends itself to being the basic building block of life on our planet - except for one. Which statement is incorrect?
Correct Answer
B. Carbon is a very dense & heavy element, giving living things stability.
Explanation
Carbon is not so dense and heavy as to be the reason for stable biomolecules. Their stability comes from a variety of factors, including bonds, molecule shape, size & molecular mass.
4.
As a component of Carbohydrates, Oxygen is very important, too. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the way Oxygen behaves as part of a molecule?
Correct Answer
D. The presence of oxygen in Carbohydrates makes them highly insoluble in water.
Explanation
Actually, the reverse is true: Oxygen enhances a molecule's solubility in water.
5.
Which of these functional groups are you not going to find in a carbohydrate?
Correct Answer
B. Sulfhydryl -SH
Explanation
Sulfur is not a component of the Carbohydrates. It is found in some amino acids & proteins.
6.
Which of the following carbohydrates does this structural diagram represent?
Correct Answer
A. Glucose
Explanation
The structural diagram represents glucose, a simple sugar and monosaccharide. Glucose is an important carbohydrate in the body and is used as a source of energy. It is a hexose sugar, meaning it has six carbon atoms. The diagram shows the arrangement of the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in glucose, with a ring structure formed by five carbon atoms and an oxygen atom.
7.
Which of the following carbohydrates does this structural diagram represent?
Correct Answer
C. Maltose
Explanation
The structural diagram represents maltose because it shows two glucose molecules linked together by a glycosidic bond. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units, and the diagram accurately depicts this structure. Glucose is a monosaccharide, fructose is a different monosaccharide, and sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. Therefore, the correct answer is maltose.
8.
Which of the following carbohydrates does this structural diagram represent?
Correct Answer
B. Fructose
Explanation
The structural diagram represents fructose because it matches the chemical structure of fructose, which is a monosaccharide with a five-carbon ring structure. Glucose, maltose, and sucrose have different structural arrangements and do not match the diagram.
9.
Which of the following carbohydrates does this structural diagram represent?
Correct Answer
D. Sucrose
Explanation
The structural diagram provided represents sucrose. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule joined together by a glycosidic bond. The diagram shows the two monosaccharides connected by this bond, indicating that it is sucrose.
10.
The diagrams below show a complex carbohydrate in some of your body cells. Which complex carbohydrate is it?
Correct Answer
D. Glycogen
Explanation
Glycogen is the main storage polysaccharide in mammalian bodies. Your liver & some large skeletal muscles store it.
11.
The sugars glucose, fructose, and galactose all belong to which category of carbohydrates?
Correct Answer
A. Monosaccharides
Explanation
They're all single-ring structures, hence 'mono'.
12.
The sugars lactose, maltose, and sucrose all belong to which category of carbohydrates?
Correct Answer
B. Disaccharides
Explanation
They all have a double ring structure, hence 'di'
13.
The diagram below shows the most common reaction that helps more complex carbohydrates form. What is the name of the reaction?
Correct Answer
B. Dehydration synthesis
Explanation
It's a removal of water (O + OH = H2O) (dehydration) that brings together two molecules into one (synthesis).
14.
Which of the following is NOT a role of Carbohydrates in a cell or organism?
Correct Answer
C. Formation of muscle tissues & bone in vertebrate bodies
Explanation
Although we tend to think of carbs as a high-energy nutrient, they have other roles: chitin makes up the exoskeletons of insects & crustaceans, cellulose is the supporting fibre of herbaceous plants, and starches & sugars play a role in osmoregulation of cells, too. Protein is responsible for forming muscle & bone.
15.
Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?
Correct Answer
D. Sucrose
Explanation
Sucrose is not a monosaccharide because it is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, joined together by a glycosidic bond. Monosaccharides, on the other hand, are single sugar molecules that cannot be broken down into smaller sugar units. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monosaccharides because they consist of a single sugar unit.