CPU Cram Sheet

From Proprofs

Contents 1 Microprocessors 2 Pentium CPUs 3 Celeron CPUs 4 Xeon CPUs 5 Itanium & Itanium 2 6 AMD CPUs 7 AMD K5 & K6 8 Athlon CPUs 9 AMD Opteron 10 Discuss This

You are here: Home > Schools > Comptia > Comptia A+ > Wiki Home > A+ Certification Wiki

---

[edit section] Microprocessors

• The CPU (Central Processing unit) – Performs millions of calculations per second
• External data bus – Allows communications with the CPU by enabling data to be sent to and received from the CPU
• Registers – Provide a workplace for the CPU to perform and store the results of data processing
• Clock – Sets the speed of operation in the PC and also the CPU
• Address Bus – Used by the CPU to request data from a certain address in RAM, via the Northbridge
• Northbridge – A memory controller hub (MCH) connecting the CPU to the RAM
• Frontside bus – Physical pathways connecting the CPU to the Northbridge and RAM
• Backside bus – The Pathway that connects the CPU to L2 Cache
• Cache – Memory on the CPU that stores data that can be used by the CPU when system RAM is in a wait state. May be L1, L2 or even L3
• Pipeline – A series of steps the CPU takes to process a command. The Pentium Processor had a dual pipeline, whereas, the Pentium pro introduced a quad pipeline
• Address space – The maximum amount of RAM that a CPU can address. Defined by the width (in bits) for the address bus
• PGA – Square CPU packaging with metal pins underneath the packaging that fits into a socket on the motherboard
• SEC – Cartridge packaging for the CPU that looks like an expansion card and fits into a slot on the motherboard
• VRM – voltage regulator modules are used to set a specific voltage for a specific CPU as CUPs don't run at the same voltages as the motherboard
• Heat sink & fan – Attached to the CPU using a thermal compound. Different HS/F for different CPUs
• Liquid cooling – Active cooling has a pump and refrigeration system that cools the water. Passive cooling uses a radiator to cool the water and a reservoir to pump the water.
• 64 bit CPUs – The AMD Opteron can operate in 32 bit mode or 64 bit mode but needs to restart each time to change modes. The Intel Itanium is not backwards compatible with 32 bit software and needs special emulation software to run 32 bit code.
• Mobile CPUs – Used in laptop/notebook computers. Need to be smaller, use less power and run cooler than desktop CPUs.
• TCP (Tape Carrier Package) – CPU is directly soldered onto the motherboard which has the reasonability of keeping the CPU cool.

[edit section] Pentium CPUs

CPU	Pentium	Pentium Pro	Pentium 2	Pentium 3	Pentium 4
Generation	5th	6th	6th	6th	7th
External speed Range	50-66 & 66-75MHz	60-66MHz	66-100MHz	100-133MHz	100-133MHz (Quadrupled)
Internal speed Range	60-200MHz 166-200MHz	150-200MHz	233-450MHz	450MHz-1.26GHz	1.3-3.06GHz
Voltage	5V, 3.3V	3.1V, 3.3V	3.3V	3.3V	3.3V
Multiplier Range	x1-3, x2.5-x4.5	x2.5-x3	x3.5-x4.5	x4-x10	x13 & up
L1 cache	16KB, 32KB	16KB	32KB	32KB	128KB
L2 cache	None	256KB, 512KB, 1MB	512KB	256KB, 512KB	256KB, 512KB
L3 cache	None	None	None	None	None
Package	PGA	SPGA	SEC	SEC, PGA	PGA
Sockets used	Socket4, 5 – 7	Socket 8	Slot 1	Slot 1 – Socket 370	Socket 423 – 478
Max RAM	4 GB	4 GB	4 GB	4 GB	4 GB

[edit section] Celeron CPUs

CPU	P2 Based	P3 Based	P4 Based
Generation	6th	6th	7th
External speed Range	66MHz	66-100MHz	100MHz (Quad Speed)
Internal speed Range	266-700MHz	533-700MHz	850MHz -2.4GHz
Voltage	3.3V	3.3V	3.3V
Multiplier Range	x4-x10.5	x8-x11.5	x8.5-x20.5
L1 cache	32KB	32KB	32KB
L2 cache	None, 128KB	128KB	128KB
L3 cache	None	None	None
Package	SEP, PGA	SEC, PGA	PGA
Sockets used	Slot 1, Socket 370	Socket 370	Slot 1, Socket 370
Max RAM	4Gb	4GB	4GB

[edit section] Xeon CPUs

CPU	P2 Based	P3 Based	P4 Based	Xeon MP
Generation	6th	6th	7th	7th
External speed Range	100MHz	100-133MHz	100-133MHz (x4)	100-133MHz(x4)
Internal speed Range	400-500MHz	500MHz-1GHz	1.4-3.06GHz	1.4-2GHz
Multiplier Range	x4-x4.5	x5-x7.5	x14-x28	x14-x20
L1 cache	32KB	32KB	12KB	12KB
L2 cache	512KB-2MB	256KB-2MB	256-512KN	256-512KB
L3 cache	None	None	None	None
Package	SEC	SEC	PGA	PGA
Sockets used	Slot 2	Slot 2	Socket 603	Socket 603
Max RAM	4 GB	4 GB	4 GB	4 GB

[edit section] Itanium & Itanium 2

CPU	Itanium	Itanium 2
Generation	8th	8th
Physical Address	44 bits	50bits
FSB width	64bits	128bits
External speed Range	133MHz (x4)	100MHz (x4)
Internal speed Range	733MHz, 833MHz	900MHz, 1GHz
Multiplier Range	x6-x8.5	x9-x10
L1 cache	32KB	32KB
L2 cache	96KB	256KB
L3 cache	2MB, 4MB	1.5MB
Package	PAC	OLGA
Sockets used	Socket 418	Socket 611
Max RAM	17.5 TB	1.1 PB

[edit section] AMD CPUs

[edit section] AMD K5 & K6

CPU	K5	K6
Generation	5th	6th
External speed Range	50-75MHz	66-100MHz
Internal speed Range	60-150MHz	200-550MHz
Multiplier Range	x1.5-x2	x3-x5.5
L1 cache	16KB	32KB (K6, K6-2) 64KB (K6-3)
L2 cache	None	None (K6, K6-2) 256KB (K6-3)
L3 cache	None	None
Package	PGA	PGA
Sockets used	Socket 7	Socket 7
Max RAM	4Gb	4GB

[edit section] Athlon CPUs

CPU	Athlon	Duron	Thunderbird	Athlon XP
Generation	6th6th	6th	6th	7th
External speed Range	100MHz (x2)	100MHz (x2)	100-133MHz (x2)	133MHz (x2)
Internal speed Range	500MHz-1GHz	600MHz-1GHz	650-1.4GHz	1.3GHz(1500+) – 2.16GHz(3000+)
Multiplier Range	x5-x10	x3.5-x14	x3.5-x14	x13-x16.5
L1 cache	128KB	128KB	128KB	128KB
L2 cache	512KB	64KB	256KB	256KB, 512KB
L3 cache	None	None	None	None
Package	SEC	PGA	PGA	462-pin PGA
Sockets used	Slot A	Socket A	Socket A	Socket A
Max RAM	4 GB	4 GB	4 GB	4 GB

[edit section] AMD Opteron

CPU	Opteron
Generation	8th
Physical Address	40 bits
FSB width	128 bit
External speed Range	6.4GB/Second (Hyper transport)
Internal speed Range	1.4-1.8 GHz
Multiplier Range	x14-x20
L1 cache	128KB
L2 cache	1MB
L3 cache	None
Package	PGA
Sockets used	Socket 940

[edit section] Discuss This

Feedback and discussion thread

Acknowledgement: Uploaded by Alexie

   You can help and contribute to the community by expanding or improving this article (or starting new interesting articles). Click "edit this page" to get started.

	Web ProProfs.com