*biology final - study guide 2 Flashcards Table View
The basic unit of life. Smallest unit that
displays all of the characteristics of life.
Cell
2 basic types of cells
Prokaryotic & Eukariotic
Archeabacterium or Eubacterium: single cell organism with no nucleus, lacks profusion of membrane bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells
prokaryot
A cell that has a nucleus, a membrane bound organelles.
Eukaryot
Two types of Eukaryotic cells
Plants & Animal
Only found in plants, the outermost semi-rigid permeable structure that helps the cell maintain it's shape and resists rupturing when the internal fluid pressure increases.
Cell Wall
The outermost cell membrane that is selectively permeable. The structural and functional boundry between cytoplasm and the fluid outside the cell and serves to protect the cell
Plasma membrane
Disc like structure that forms in a plant cell after nuclear division. Signals the location of new plasma membranes and cell walls in daughter cells
cell plate
produces a cell wall
contains plastids
a large central vacuole
has no lysosomes
has no centrioles
is more complex
Plant Cells
has no cell wall
has no plastids
has small food and contractile vacuoles
contains lysosomes
contains centrioles which aid in cell division
less complex
Animal Cells
Pumping of a specific solute across the cell membrane thru the interior of a transport protein against it's concentration gradient. The cell must do all of the work to move materials.
Active Transport
movement of solute particles from low to high concentration by means of carrier molecules
Active Transport
cell eating: cell engulfs solid material. Type of endocytosis
Phagocytosis
cell drinking: cell engulfs fluids. Type of endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Moves proteins out of the cell by using the secretory vessicle. Secretes hormones.
Exocytosis
No work done by the cell. Transport proteins allow solutes to passively diffuse through it's interior
Passive Transport
Moves particles of the cell from a high concentration to a low concentration
Simple Diffusion
Diffusion of small solute particles through a selectively permeable membrane
Dialysis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
Diffusion of particles by means of carrier proteins
Facilitated Diffusion
Trapping of sunlight energy by the chlorophyll which converts it into useable chemical energy (ATP, NADPH) or both. And then synthesis of sugar phosphates, which becomes converted into sucrose cellulose, starch, and other end products
Photosynthesis
Production of ATP; metabolic reactions that use energy from food to produce ATP molecules.
