|
|
|
|
Why should Chemistry be studied in A+P class? |
Body functions depend on Cellular functions. |
|
Anything that takes up space and has weight; composed of elements. |
Matter |
|
Composed of chemically identical atoms |
Elements |
|
These type of elements are required by the body in large amounts. |
Bulk elements |
|
These type of elements are required by the body in small amounts. |
Trace elements |
|
These types of elements are toxic to the body in large amounts |
Ultratrace elements |
|
Smallest particle of an element |
Atoms |
|
Part of an atom that carries a single positive charge |
Proton |
|
Part of an atom that carries no electrical charge |
Neutron |
|
Part of an atom that carries a single negative charge. They revolve around the nucleus. |
Electron |
|
Term for the number of protons n the nucleus of one atom and equals the number of electrons in the atom. |
Atomic Number |
|
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons of the atom. |
Atomic Weight |
|
Is it a different element if the number of protons change? |
Yes |
|
Is it a different element if the number of neutrons change? |
No, but it becomes an isotope. |
|
How do you find the neutron number? |
Atomic weight minus the atomic number. |
|
Atoms with the same atomic numbers but with different atomic weights are called? |
Isotopes. They have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons. |
|
This type of radiation is composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. |
Alpha radiation |
|
This type of radiation is composed of fast moving electrons. |
Beta Radiation |
|
This type of radiation is composed of electromagnetic wave energy |
Gamma radiation |
|
Particle formed when 2 or more atoms chemically combine |
Molecule |
|
Particle formed when 2 or more atoms of different elements chemically combine. |
Compound |
|
These depict the elements present and the number of each atom present in the molecule. Ex: H2
C6 H12 O6 |
Molecular Formulas |
|
_______ form when atoms combine with other atoms. |
Bonds |
|
Electrons of an atom occupy regions of space called _________ _________ which circle the nucleus. |
Electron shells |
|
If the outermost shell is full, the atom is stable and is categorized as one of the ________ _________. |
Noble Gases |
|
An atom that gains or loses electrons to become stable and is an electrically charged atom. |
Ion |
|
A negatively charged ion that is formed when an atom gains electrons. |
Anion |
|
A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons. |
Cation |
|
An attraction b.w. a cation and anion formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom. |
Ionic Bond |
|
Bond formed when atoms share electrons. |
Covalent Bond |
|
A molecule with a slightly negative end and a slightly positive end that results when electrons are not shared equally in covalent bonds. |
Polar Molecule. Water is an important polar molecule. |
|
A weak attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule |
Hydrogen Bond |
|
This is when chemical bonds form or break among atoms, ions, or molecules. |
Chemical Reaction |
|
The starting materials of the reaction |
Reactants |
|
The substances formed at the end of a chemical reaction |
Products |
|
This is the type of reaction when more complex chemical structures are formed. A+B = AB |
Synthesis Reaction |
|
This is the type of reaction when chemical bonds are broken to form simpler chemical structures. AB----> A + B |
Decomposition Reaction |
|
This is the type of reaction when chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. AB + CD -----> AD + CB |
Exchange Reaction |
|
This is the type of reaction when the products can change back to the reactants. A + B AB |
Reversible Reaction |
|
_______ are substances that release ions in water. |
Electrolytes |
|
Electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water |
Acids |
|
Substances that release ions that can combine with Hydrogen Ions |
Bases |
|
Electrolytes formed by the reaction between an acid and a base |
salts |
|
Indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
PH Scale |
|
These kind of molecules contain C and U, are large, and dissolve in water |
Organic Molecules |
|
These kinds of molecules generally do not contain C, are small, and dissociate in water. |
Inorganic Molecules |
|
Needing Oxygen |
Aerobic |
|
Does not need oxygen |
Anaerobic |
|
What are the 4 organic substances? |
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids |
