The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Chapter 5

104 cards   |   Total Attempts: 182
  

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Polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds
Monomer
The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
Enzymes
Protein catalysts
Tuber
A short, thick, underground plant stem (e.x. the white potato)
Atherosclerosis
A cardiovascular disease in which fatty deposits develop on the inner walls of the arteries, obstructing the arteries and causing them to harden.
Essential Fatty Acid
An unsaturated fatty acid that an animal needs but cannot make
Catalysts
A chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
Peptide Bond
The covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration reaction
Denaturation of protein
Disruption of the weak internal chemical bonds and interactions causes the protein to lose its native shape
Gene
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence
Which of the four main classes of important large molecules of life does not consist of polymers?
Lipids
What is a dehydration reaction?
A reaction in which 2 molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule
Why is hydrolysis the reverse of the dehydration reaction?
Because it breaks the bonds betweeonomers by adding water molecules. (Hydrogen attaches to one monmer and the hydroxyl group to another)
What is the most common monosaccharide?
Glucose
What type of isomers are glucose and fructose?
Structural isomers