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Cards In This Set
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CORE electrons
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Electrons found close to the nucleus
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VALENCE electrons
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Eletrons found in distant s and p subshells
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Which electrons are responsible for holding 2 or more atoms in a chemical bond?
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Valence electrons
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CHEMICAL BOND
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Force of attraction between 2 atoms in a compound (overcoming repulsion)
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OCTET RULE
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Atoms bond in such a way that each atom recieves 8 electrons in outtermost shell
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2 ways an atom can achieve an octet
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1) ionic bonding 2) covalent bonding
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IONIC BONDING
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The force of attraction formed from the complete transfer of electrons between atoms to form an ionic compound.
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RULES of ionic bond formation
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1) between metal & non-metal to form an anion & cation 2) ions of opposite charge 3) when e- lost by metal and gained by non-metal
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Ionic compound structure
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Crystalline lattice (metal ions become smaller nonmetals become bigger)
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COVALENT BONDING
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The sharing of pairs of electrons from atoms in the compound
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Which element (or compound) is an exception of the octet rule?
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HYDROGEN (H2)
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Features (rules) for covalent compounds
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1) between atoms of similar tendencies to gain/lose e- 2) diatomic elements have complete covalent bonding H2,F2,O2,N2,Cl2,Br2,I2)
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Polar Covalent Bonds
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Bonds made up of unequally shared electrons (e.g H-F the e- are attracted to F mostly (high electronegativity))
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WATER has what kind of bonds and why?
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Polar covalent bonds, unequal sharing of electrons between partially +ve H and partially -ve O (e- drawn closer to O than H)
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COORDINATE COVALENT BONDING
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Resulting from an atom donating a lone pair of e- to another atom (O2 + O --> O3)
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