Sociology 1 Midterm

Sociology 1 midterm jami browm

23 cards   |   Total Attempts: 182
  

Cards In This Set

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What is the sociological imagination? Why is it important What is the sociological imagination? Why is it important?
An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society, both today and in the past
Know how to apply the 3 theoretical perspectives to different social phenomena
a. Functionalist perspective: society are structured to maintain stability
b. Conflict perspective: assume that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups
c. Interactionist perspective: generalize about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole
What is the scientific method
Defining the problem; reviewing the literature; formulating the hypothesis; selecting the research design and collecting and analyzing data; and developing the conclusion
Be familiar with the 4 major research designs
a. Surveys, observation, experiments, use of existing sources
What are the elements of culture
Language, norms, sanctions, and values
How are sanctions used
Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm
How does culture develop
Innovation, diffusion and globolization
What is cultural variation
Adapting to the climate, weather and conditions
What is the difference between cultural relativism and ethnocentrism
a. Cultural relativism: is the evaluation of a people’s behavior from the perspective of their own culture b. Ethnocentrism: refer to the tendency to assume that one’s own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others
What is cultural diffusion
Ideas spread to others
What is socialization
Is the active process by which humans adapt to and internalize society
What are the agents of socialization and how does each contribute to the socialization process
Family: teach our gender role; peer groups:suppoer or harassment; media: introduce unfamiliar lifestyle and culture; school: teach us customs and values of larger society; workplace; religion and state: brings family together, regulate us
Be familiar with the theories of ‘self’ – Cooley, Mead, Goffman
a. Cooley: imagine how we present ourselves, imagine how people evaluate us, develop feelings about ourselves as a result of these impressions b. Meads: preparatory state- learn use of symbols, play state- awareness of social relationships, game stage- consider several task and relationships simultaneously, generalized other- attitudes, viewpoints and expectations c. Goffman: presentation of self- humans are actors on stage, impression management- alteration and/or manipulation of self, face work- repairs social breach
Know the difference between ascribed and achieved statuses
a. Ascribed status: is assigned to a person by society without regard for the person’s unque talents or characteristics b. Achieved status: a social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts
What are the elements of any social structure
Statues, social roles, groups