Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
matter
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anything that has mass & takes up space
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| 2 |
What're all of the states of matter?
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solid, liquid, gas & plasma
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chemical bond
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a force of attraction between 2 atoms that holds them together
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element
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a pure substance that can't be broken down into any other substances(it is the simplest substance)...
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atom
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basic particle from which all elements are made
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mixtures
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made of 2 or more substances( elements or compounds or both) that are together in the same...
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pure substances
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will be the same no matter where they are from
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compound
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a pure substance made of 2 or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio
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solution
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a homogeneous mixture formed when 1 substance dissolves into another
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| 10 |
mass
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the measurement of the amount of matter in an object
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weight
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a measure of the force of gravity on you
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What's the difference between mass & weight?
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weight relies on gravity while mass doesn't
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| 13 |
What're the units of measurements for volume?
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liters,mL&cubic centimeters
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| 14 |
Units of measurement for mass:
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kg or g
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| 15 |
Units of measurements for density:
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g/cubic cm
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what's the formula for density?
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mass/volume
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| 17 |
temperature
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a measure of the average energy of random motion of particles of matter
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| 18 |
physical change
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any change that alters the form or appearance of matter but doesn't make any substance in the...
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chemical change
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a change in matter that produces 1 or more new substances
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types of physical changes
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melting, freezing, evaporating, dissolving, bending, crushing, breaking, chopping, filtering,...
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| 21 |
examples of chemical changes
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hydrogen peroxide poured on acut, breaking down into water & oxygen, iron reacting with...
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| 22 |
kinetic energy
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the energy of matter in motion
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| 23 |
potential energy
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the energy an object has because of its position
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| 24 |
chemical energy
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the internal energy stored on the chemical bonds between atoms (a type of potential energy)...
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electromagnetic energy
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a form of energy that travels through space as waves
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| 26 |
endothermic change
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a change in which energy is taken in
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exothermic change
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releases energy
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| 28 |
surface tension
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The result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules...
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What's an example of an endothermic change?
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melting
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| 30 |
what's an example of an exothermic change?
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burning
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| 31 |
fluid
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a substance that flows
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| 32 |
viscosity
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a liquid's resistance to flowing
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| 33 |
How do substances change state?
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by losing or gaining a good amount of thermal energy
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| 34 |
sublimation
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when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas
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boiling
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vaporization that occurs when a liquid changes to a gas below the surface as well as the surface...
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evaporation
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vaporization that takes place ONLY on the surface of a liquid
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vaporization
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the change from a liquid to a gas
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| 38 |
volume
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the amount of space matter takes up
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pressure
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the force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of its container
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| 40 |
gas
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a fluid that can change volume easily; gas has no definite shape or volume
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condensation
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the opposite of vaporization; occurs when gas particles lose enough thermal energy to turn...
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What're the parts of an atom?
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nucleus, neutrons, electrons, protons
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| 43 |
Who's Mendeleev?
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a russian scientist who discovered a set of patterns that applied to all the elements
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| 44 |
What did Mendeleev notice about the periodic table?
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he noticed that when the elements were listed in order of increasing atomic mass there was...
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What happened in 1869?
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Mendeleev published the first periodic table
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| 46 |
What do you need to do to find the amount of neutrons in an atom?
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round the atomic mass then subtract the atomic # from it
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| 47 |
What are the physical properties of metals?
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-shiny
-malleable
-ductile
-conductive
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malleable
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can be hammered or rolled into shapes
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ductile
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can be pulled out or drawn into a long wire
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conductivity
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the ability to transfer heat or electricity to another object
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reactivity
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the ease & speed with which an element reacts with other elements and compounds
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How do metals usually react to other elements or compounds?
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usually lose electrons
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| 53 |
What's the most reactive metal?
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sodium
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| 54 |
What's the least reactive metal?
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gold
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| 55 |
corrosion
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reacting with oxygen slowly
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| 56 |
In the periodic table, where are the most reactive metals?
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the reactivity of the elements decrease as you move from the left of the periodic table to...
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Alkali metals
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the Group1 metals
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How do alkali metals react?
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they lose 1 electron when reacting
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Characteristics of alkali metals:
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very reactive, always found in compounds, soft
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| 60 |
What're the 2 most important alkali metals?
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sodium & potassium
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| 61 |
Alkaline Earth metals
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group 2 elements
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Characteristics of Alkaline Earth Metals
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pretty hard, gray-white, good conductors, very reactive, never found uncombined
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| 63 |
How do alkaline earth metals react?
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they lose 2 electrons
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| 64 |
What are the 2 most common metals in the alkaline earth metals?
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calcium & magnesium
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| 65 |
transition metals
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metals in groups 3 to 12
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| 66 |
Characteristics of transition metals:
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hard, shiny, good conductors, make colorful compounds, less reactive than metals in groups...
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| 67 |
alloy
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a mixture of a metal with at least 1 other element
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| 68 |
synthetic elements
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unnatural elements with atomic #s higher than 92 that are made when nuclear particles crash...
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partical accelerators
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used to make elements with atomic #s greater than 95, they make atomic nuclei move so fast
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What was the first synthetic element & when was it made?
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Currium, made in 1940
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| 71 |
characteristics of nonmetals:
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poor conductors, reactive, solid ones are dull & brittle
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What's the only liquid nonmetal?
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Bromine
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How do nonmetals react?
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they gain or share electrons
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| 74 |
diatomic molecule
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a molecule that consists of 2 atoms
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halogens
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the saltforming nonmetals in group 17
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How do halogens react?
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gain or share elctrons
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characteristics of halogens
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very reactive, dangerous,
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| 78 |
noble gases
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the elements in group 18
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Characteristics of Noble Gases
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don't form compounds, don't lose,gain or share electrons when reacting, unreactive, exist in...
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metalloids
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have characteristics of metals & nonmetals
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| 81 |
Characteristics of metalloids
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have varying abilities to conduct electricity,
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| 82 |
semiconductors
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substances that can conduct electricity under some conditions but not under others
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| 83 |
energy
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the ability to do work or cause change
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| 84 |
What metal is liquid at room temp?
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mercury
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| 85 |
which type of elements have the most elements?
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metals
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| 86 |
which family doesn't ordinarily form compounds?
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the noble gases
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| 87 |
Boyle's Law
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When pressure increases at a constant temp., the gas's volume decreases and vice versa this...
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| 88 |
Charle's Law
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when a gas's temp. increases constantly at a constant pressure, it's volume increases and if...
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| 89 |
crystalline solids
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solids that are made up of crystals they have specific melting points
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| 90 |
amorphous solids
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Solids whose particles are NOT arranged in a regular pattern
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| 91 |
experiment
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the procedure used to carry out a hypothesis
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| 92 |
what measures mass?
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triple beam balance
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| 93 |
What's the most reactive group?
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group 17
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